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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

palate

A

forms the roof of the mouth - 3 parts
Hard palate - roof of mouth with special mucous membranes
soft palate - closes off nasal passage while swallowing
uvula- hangs from edge of soft palate for snoring and some speech sounds

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2
Q

papillae

A

small bumps on tongue that some contain taste buds

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3
Q

dentition

A

natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws

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4
Q

occlusion (dentistry)

A

any contact between the chewing surfaces of upper and lower teeth

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5
Q

lower epsophageal sphincter

A

muscular ring between the stomach and the esophagus- relaxes during swallowing to allow food into stomach

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6
Q

stomach

A

sac like organ composed of the

  • fundus (upper, rounded part)
  • body (main part)
  • antrum (lower part)
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7
Q

Rugae

A

folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach that allow it to change size

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8
Q

gastric juices

A

enzymes and hydrochloric acid aid in beginning of food digestion

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9
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring like muscle at base of stomach- controls flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of small intestine

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10
Q

pylorus

A

narrow passage connecting stomach and small intestine

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11
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of the small intestine - from pyloric sphincter to jejunum

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12
Q

jejunum

A

middle portion of small intestine - from duodenum to ileum

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13
Q

ileum

A

last and longest portion of small intestine - from jejunum to cecum of large intestine

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14
Q

small intestine

A

coiled organ where nutrients are absorbed into blood stream and food digested

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15
Q

large intestine

A

waste products are processed - from small intestine to anus

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16
Q

cecum

A

pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen- part of large intestine

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17
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

ring like muscle that controls flow from the ileum into the cecum

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18
Q

vermiform appendix

A

hangs from lower portion of cecum

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19
Q

colon

A

longest portion of the large intestine, has 4 parts

  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon- s shaped and joins rectum
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20
Q

rectum

A

las 4 inches of large intestine, widest division of large intestine and ends at anus

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21
Q

anus

A

lower opening of the digestive tract

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22
Q

liver

A

largest organ- removes toxins from blood and turns food into fuel and nutrients

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23
Q

glucogen

A

form of glucose stored in liver and muscles that is reverted back into glucose by liver when blood sugar is low

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24
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment excreted into digestive fluid, yellow or green

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25
bile
digestive juice secreted by liver in the digestion of fat, concentrated and stored in gallbladder
26
biliary tree
provides channels thru bile is transported from liver to small intestine
27
gallbladder
pear shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile
28
pancreas
gland that secretes pancreatic juices aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acid
29
anaboloism
building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
30
catabolism
breaking down of body cells or substances releasing energy and CO2
31
villi
finger-like projections that line the small intestine- contains blood vessels and lacteals to absorb nutrients into blood stream and fats/fat soluble vitamins (lacteals transport these vis lymphatic system)
32
peristalsis
series of wave-like contractions of smooth muscles that moves food forward
33
borborygmus
rumbling noise caused by gas moving in intestine
34
aphthous ulcers
canker sores
35
cheilosis
disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores and corners of mouth
36
leukoplakia
white, usually benign lesion on tongue or inside of mouth that develop due to chronic irritation
37
trismus
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma , surgery or radiation
38
dental caries
cavity - infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of tooth
39
edentulous
without teeth - after natural permanent teeth are lost
40
periodontal disease
inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth
41
dental calulus
tartar- dental plaque that has calcified and irritate the surrounding tissue
42
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
abnormal growth of bacteria that causes progressive inflammation, bleeding, deep ulceration and death of gum tissue
43
eosinophilic esophagitis
chronic immune system disease in which eosinophil white blood cells build up in esophagus, usually due to a food allergy, causing inflammation making it difficult to swallow
44
Barrett's esophagus
cells in the epithelial tissue of esophagus are damaged by chronic exposure to acid
45
stricture
abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage
46
pyrosis
heartburn
47
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
48
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward thru diaphragm
49
gastroparesis
muscles of the stomach slow down and work poorly or not at all, preventing stomach from emptying normally
50
gastrorrhea
excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus
51
peptic ulcers
sore of mucous membranes of digestive system
52
cachexia
physical wasting away due to illness - its are eating but body unable to absorb enough nutrients
53
areophagia
e swallowing of air while eating or drinking causing gas in stomach
54
eructation
burping
55
diverticulosis
abnormal number of diverticulum in colon
56
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine cause by stopping the peristalsis of this area of intestine
57
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition with repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
58
Crohn's disease
chronic autoimmune disease that is usually found in ileum and colon and perpetrates every layer of tissue of affected area causing swelling and scarring
59
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction
60
intussusception
telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
61
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a small loop of bowels through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
62
strangulated hernia
portion of intestine is constricted inside the hernia, causing ischemia by cutting off blood supply
63
clostridium difficile | c. diff
bacterial infection usually in older adults in hospital settings following use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria
64
rectocele
bulging of the front of the rectum into the vagina, usually a result of pregnancy or childbirth
65
hematochezia
bright red blood in stool- lower intestinal tract
66
melena
black, tarry would smelling stools cause by digested blood - bleeding in upper GI tract
67
steatorrhea
excess fat in stool
68
ascites
accumulation of watery fluid (serous) in the peritoneal cavity usually from liver disease and puts pressure on liver's blood vessels
69
cirrhosis
chronic liver degenerative disease characterized by scarring filled with fat
70
gallstone
hard deposit formed in the gallstone and bile ducts due to the concretion of bile components
71
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones
72
proton pump inhibitors
decrease amount of acid produced by stomach - for GERD pts
73
antiemetic
med to relieve/prevent vomiting
74
anastomosis
surgical connection between 2 hollow or tubular structures
75
proctopexy
surgical fixation of a fallen or droopy (prolapsed) rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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