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Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. > Human Body Intro > Flashcards

Human Body Intro Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

word root

A

contains the basic meaning of the term, usually indicates involved body parts

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2
Q

suffix

A

usually indicates procedure, condition, disorder or disease

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3
Q

prefix

A

usually indicates location, time, number, or status

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4
Q

fissure

A

groove or crack-like sore of the skin
or
mortal folds in the contours of the brain

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5
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage, usually between 2 internal organs or leasing from an organ to surface of body

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6
Q

exudate

A

fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound

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7
Q

lesion

A

pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

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8
Q

palpation

A

exam technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel texture, size, consistency and location of certain body parts

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9
Q

palpitation

A

pounding or racing heart

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10
Q

supination

A

act of rotating arm fo palms are forward or upward

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11
Q

suppuration

A

formation or discharge of pus

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12
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure of the body

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13
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of the structures of the body

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14
Q

anatomic position

A

describes the body standing in a standard position

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15
Q

vertical plane

A

up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon

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16
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions

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17
Q

midsagittal plane

A

AKA midline

sagittal plane hat divides the body into EQUAL left and right portions

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18
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior potions

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19
Q

horizontal plane

A

flat, crosswise plane

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20
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior portions at any level across the body

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21
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front or belly side of an organ or body

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22
Q

dorsal

A

refers to the back of an organ or body

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23
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front or front/forward part of an organ

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24
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back, or back of an organ

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25
superior
uppermost, above or toward the head
26
inferior
lowermost, below or toward the feet
27
cephalic
toward the head
28
caudal
toward the lower part of the body
29
proximal
nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
30
distal
farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
31
medial
the direction toward or nearer the midline
32
lateral
the direction toward, or nearer the side of the body, away from the midline
33
dorsal cavity
located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is made up of cranial and spinal cavities
34
cranial cavity
located within the skull- surrounds and protects the brain
35
spinal cavity
within spinal column- surrounds and protects the spinal cord
36
ventral cavity
along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
37
homeostasis
process thru which body maintains a constant internal environment
38
thoracic cavity
surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs
39
abdominal cavity
contains the major organs of digestion
40
pelvic cavity
space formed by the hip bones and contains reproductive and excretory system organs
41
inguinal
relating to the groin
42
right and left hypochondriac regions
covered by the lower ribs
43
epigastric region
located above the stomach
44
right and left lumbar regions
located near the inward curve of the spine
45
umbilical region
surrounds the umbilicus
46
right and left iliac regions
located near the hip bones
47
hypogastric region
located below the stomach
48
peritoneum
multilayered membrane that protects that holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
49
parietal peritoneum
outer layer of the peritoneum that lilies the interior of the abdominal wall
50
mesentery
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
51
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
52
retroperitoneal
behind the peritoneum
53
genome
complete set of genetic information of an organism
54
chromosome
genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell- made up of DNA molecules containing body's genes
55
tissue
group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
56
epithelial tissue
forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
57
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
58
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
59
connective tissues
support and connect organs and other body tissues
60
dense connective tissues
bones and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body
61
adipose tissue
aka fat - provides protective padding, insulation and support
62
loose connective tissue
surrounds organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
63
liquid connective tissue
blood and lymph - transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
64
aplasia
defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
65
hypoplasia
incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
66
anaplasia
change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other - characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
67
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs
68
hyperplasia
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
69
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size but not in the number of cells in the tissues
70
gland
group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
71
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
72
endocrine glands
produce hormones, do not have ducts - secreted directly into the bloodstream
73
pathology
study of disease
74
etiology
study of the causes of disease
75
pathogen
disease-producing microorganism eg virus
76
communicable disease
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
77
indirect contact transmission
situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
78
bloodborne transmission
spread of disease through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluid
79
droplet transmission
spread of disease through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing
80
airborne transmission
occurs thru contact with germs floating in air
81
vector-borne tranmission
spread of disease through a vector, aka insect or animal
82
epidemiologist
specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
83
endemic
ongoing presence of a disease with a population
84
epidemic
sudden and wide-spread outbreak of a disease within a population
85
pandemic
outbreak of disease over large geographic area
86
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified - eg panic attack
87
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment
88
idiopathic disorder
illness without a known cause
89
infectious disease
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms
90
nosocomial infection
disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
91
organic disorder
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body, eg chicken pox which causes a rash
92
congenital disorder
abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
93
developmental disorder
aka birth defect
94
atresia
congenital absence of a normal body opening of the failure of a structure to be tubular

Medical Terminology for Health Professionals 8th Ed. (16 decks)

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