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nurs 366: pathopharm ii > RESPIRATORY - upper respiratory drugs > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY - upper respiratory drugs Flashcards

EXAM 2 content: upper respiratory disorders are based in the UR tract. result from INFLAMMATION

1
Q

what are anti-histamines?

A

histamine receptor antagonists
- decreases allergic symptoms
- doesn’t work if infection based
- works for environmental allergies

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2
Q

what is the exemplary drug for first generation anti-histamines

A

diphenhydramine

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3
Q

how is diphenhydramine administered?

A

PO

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4
Q

is diphenhydramine administered OTC?

A

yes

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5
Q

what is the pharmacological action of diphenhydramine?

A

blocks h1 receptor –> histamine can not act on receptor –> stops vasodilation & bronchoconstriction –> relieves itching, sneezing & congestion

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6
Q

what is the major adverse reactions of diphenhydramine?

A

biggest: sedation! bc it can cross BBB –> hypotension
- tinnitus
- dry mouth
- dizziness
- anticholinergic effects

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7
Q

what are the nursing interventions for diphenhydramine?

A
  • do not let them drive
  • combat anticholinergic effects
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8
Q

what should we educate about diphenhydramine?

A
  • causes sedation
  • should not be used with other depressants
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9
Q

what are some contraindications with diphenhydramine (why should a pt not take this drug)?

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • closed angle glaucoma
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10
Q

what are some interactions with diphenhydramine (what things can cause more problems with this drug)?

A
  • alcohol
  • cns depressants
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11
Q

what is the exemplary drug for second gen anti-histamines?

A

cetirizine

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12
Q

how is cetirizine administered?

A

PO

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13
Q

is cetirizine OTC?

A

yes

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14
Q

what is the pharmacological action of cetirizine?

A

blocks h1 receptor –> histamine can not act on receptor –> stops vasodilation & bronchoconstriction –> relieves itching, sneezing & congestion

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15
Q

what are the major side effects of cetirizine?

A
  • low drowsiness: does not cross BBB –> no sedation
  • anticholinergic effects
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16
Q

what are the nursing interventions for cetirizine?

A
  • combar anticholinergic effects
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17
Q

what should we educate about cetirizine?

A
  • take it consistently & at the same time every day
  • stay hydrated
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18
Q

what are some contraindications of cetirizine?

A

hypersensitivity

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19
Q

what are some interactions for cetirizine?

A
  • sedatives
  • theophylline
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20
Q

what are antitussives?

A
  • cough suppressants
    usually we do not given it unless:
  • interferes with life
  • severe non-prod cough
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21
Q

what is the exemplary drug for antitussives?

A
  • codeine (opioid)
  • dextromethorphan (non-opioid)
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22
Q

how is codeine & dextromethorphan administered?

A

PO

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23
Q

is dextromethorphan OTC?

A

yes

24
Q

what is the pharmacological action of codeine & dextromethorphan?

A
  • increases cough threshold –> decreases coughing action
  • relieves severe non-prod cough
25
Q

what are the major adverse reactions to codeine & dextromethorphan?

A
  • codeine: sedation & respiratory depression
  • dextromethorphan: euphoria w/high doses
26
Q

what should we educate about codeine & dextromethorphan?

A

specifically codeine: do not take opioids with other sedatives

27
Q

what are some contraindications for codeine & dextromethorphan?

A
  • codeine: sleep apnea
  • alcohol use disorder –> cns depression –> respiratory arrest
28
Q

what are some interactions for codeine & dextromethorphan?

A

sedatives

29
Q

what are sympathomimetics (decongestants)?

A

increase vasoconstriction (bc we get vasodilation)

30
Q

what is the exemplary drug of sympathomimetics?

A

pseudoephedrine & phenylphrine

31
Q

how is pseudoephedrine administered? is it OTC?

A

PO administration, NOT OTC

32
Q

how is phenylephrine administered?

A

nasal spray administration

33
Q

what is the pharmacological action of pseudoephedrine & phenylephrine?

A

works on alpha-1 receptors –> reduces receptors –> vasoconstriction on the nasal mucosa –> increases BP & HR

34
Q

what are some adverse reactions of phenylephrine?

A
  • no systemic effects
  • CNS stimulation
  • HTN
  • tachycardia
  • used > 3 - 5 days –> body used to vasoconstriction –> rebound congestion when off of medications –> pt gets hooked onto med to keep airways open
35
Q

does pseudoephedrine have rebound congestion?

A

no
- has ingredients of METH –> buy behind the counter

36
Q

what are some nursing interventions with pseudoephedrine & phenylephrine?

A

monitor VS & CNS activity

37
Q

what should we educate about phenylephrine?

A
  • do not use more than 3 -5 days
  • notify provider if excessive symptoms occurs
  • taper one nostril at a time
38
Q

what are some contraindications of pseudoephedrine & phenylephrine?

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • chronic rhinitis
  • heart disease
  • HTN
  • dysrhythmias
39
Q

what are some interactions with pseudoephedrine & phenylephrine?

A
  • MAOIs
  • beta 2 agonists
40
Q

what are mucolytics?

A

makes mucus thinner

41
Q

what is the exemplary drug of mucolytics?

A

acetylcysteine

42
Q

how is acetylcysteine administered?

A

iv, inhaled & drink

43
Q

what is the pharmacological action of acetylcysteine?

A

makes mucus thinner specifically for disorders that make thick secretions –> mobilize –> secrete
- cystic fibrosis

44
Q

what are some adverse reactions to acetylecysteine?

A
  • bronchospasms
  • allergic reaction
45
Q

what are some contraindication of acetylecysteine?

A

hypersensitivity

46
Q

what is acetylcysteine an antidote for?

A

acetaminophen

47
Q

what kind of smell does acetylcysteine have?

A

strong sulfur smell

48
Q

what are expectorants?

A

makes mucus thinner

49
Q

what is the exemplary drug for expectorants?

A

guaifenesin

50
Q

how is guaifenesin administered?

A

PO

51
Q

is guaifenesin OTC?

A

yes

52
Q

what is the pharmacological action of guaifenesin?

A

able to make mucus thinner for severe non-prod coughs –> mobilize –> secrete

53
Q

what are some adverse reactions of guaifenesin?

A

usually minimal side effects
- headache & n/v

54
Q

what are some nursing interventions of guaifenesin?

A
  • instruct importance of coughing
55
Q

what should we educate about guaifenesin?

A
  • can cause serious side effects for children
  • take guaifenesin with a full glass of water
56
Q

what are some contraindications of guaifenesin?

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • pregnancy
  • PKU

nurs 366: pathopharm ii (30 decks)

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