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4th Quarter Exams > Restorative Art 2 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Restorative Art 2 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the relationships of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face

A

Proportions

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2
Q

two sides

A

Bilateral

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3
Q

dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object

A

Bilateral Differences

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4
Q

the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature

A

Bilateral Silhouette

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5
Q

are not effective because they are usually retouched/ artistic lighting and this will erase character and age lines that you need for realistic restoration work; are usually of good size

A

Portrait

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6
Q

two or three recent photographs taken at different angles, are an invaluable reference to have on hand; may reveal imperfections and good lighting

A

Snapshot

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7
Q

will show the size, length, and width of features in relationship to the face

A

Frontal View

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8
Q

will show projections, recessions; degree of projection of facial features profile contour (face)

A

Profile View

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9
Q

will show appearance of lips and fullness of the cheeks; suggest the profile view and helps reveal the degree of cheek fullness

A

Three-Quarter View

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10
Q

gives us some new perspective inversion to reveal asymmetry; observing the face in the same position many embalmers use for restorative art; standing above the head

A

Inverted or Upside Down Photo

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11
Q

a surface lying at a right angle to the source of illumination, which reflects the maximum amount of light; the lighter and brighter part; usually indicate a raise area or projection

A

Highlight

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12
Q

surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces; which reflect little or no light; usually indicates creases, grooves, and shallow depressions

A

Shadow

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13
Q

the higher an area protrudes….

A

the brighter the reflected light will be

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14
Q

depressions create

A

shadows

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15
Q

lighting from above

A

Normal Lighting

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16
Q

Special placement; purposeful; illuminating something or someone

A

Directional Lighting

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17
Q

from flash photography, burst of light in a dark room or outside during the night

A

Flat Lighting

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18
Q

from the sun, outside during day time

A

Natural Lighting

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19
Q

the illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp; the fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube

A

Fluorescent Light

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20
Q

the process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object recognizable color

A

Absorption

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21
Q

lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion

A

Asymmetry

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22
Q

the outline or surface form

A

Contour

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23
Q

a hollow or shallow concave area in surface

A

Depressions

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24
Q

the silhouettes of the face from the side view

A

Facial Profile

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25
Q

application of a color which is lighter or brighter than the complexion color

A

Highlighting with Cosmetics

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26
Q

application of a color darker than the complexion color

A

Shadowing with Cosmetics

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27
Q

giving or casting of light

A

Illumination

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28
Q

a photograph or painting in which the subject has been posed and lighted flatteringly by a professional photographer or artist

A

Professional Portrait

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29
Q

the side view of the human head

A

Profile

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30
Q

the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

A

Projection

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31
Q

the return of light waves from surfaces; the bending or folding back of a part upon itself

A

Reflection

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32
Q

a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal postion

A

Recession

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33
Q

What are the 3 Basic Linear Forms of Facial Profiles

A

Convex
Concave
Vertical

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34
Q

What are the 6 Combinations (variations) of the Basic Forms of Facial Profiles

A 
Convex-Concave
Convex- Vertical
Vertical- Concave
Vertical-Convex
Concave- Vertical
Concave- Convex
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35
Q

What is NOT included in facial profiles?

A

the Nose

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36
Q

a basic profile form in which the forehead RECEDES from the eyebrows; while the chin RECEDES from the plane of the upper lip (MOST COMMON)

A

Convex Profile

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37
Q

a basic facial profile form in which the forehead PROTRUDES beyond the eyebrows while the chin PROTRUDES beyond the plane of the upper lip (i.e. infantine, retroussé) LEAST COMMON

A

Concave Profile

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38
Q

one in which the forehead, upper lip, and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line; THE STANDARD (i.e. balanced)

A

Vertical/ Balanced Profile

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39
Q

a profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows; while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip

A

Convex- Concave

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40
Q

a profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows; while the upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line

A

Convex-Vertical

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41
Q

one in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin protrudes more than the upper lip

A

Vertical- Concave

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42
Q

one in which the forehead and they eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip

A

Vertical- Convex

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43
Q

a facial profile variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows; while the upper lip and chin project equally to an imaginary vertical line

A

Concave- Vertical

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44
Q

a facial profile variation in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip

A

Concave- Convex

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45
Q

the shape of a plane figure determined by its outline; such as rounded, oval, square, etc.;

A

Geometric

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46
Q

the outline of the exterior margins of the head; it is influenced by its bony structure (i.e. cartilage, and other tissue)

A

Head Shape

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47
Q

Length of the head combined with ________ gives us a set of geometric head shapes in the frontal view

A

Widths

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48
Q

What are the 7 Geometric Head Shapes from a Frontal View

A
  1. Oval
  2. Round (infantine; infantile)
  3. Square
  4. Triangular
  5. Inverted Triangular
  6. Diamond
  7. Oblong
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49
Q

“so called ideal shape” a frontal head form in which the head is generally egg-shaped, with the cranium slightly wider than the jaws; MOST COMMON geometric head form; entire face appears to be composed of soft, rounded curves

A

Oval

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50
Q

a frontal head form in which the head exhibits maximum curvature; short with full cheeks and a rounded, fuller jawline, and a rounded cranium

A

Round (infantine; infantile)

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51
Q

a frontal head form in which the head is broad and exhibits very little curvature; the forehead is wide and the angles of the mandible are usually low as well as wide (i.e. strong) hairline is often straight

A

Square

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52
Q

a frontal head form in which the face is wider between the angles of the mandible than it is at the forehead; representing a triangle in shape; formed by three lines and have three angles LEAST COMMON geometric head form

A

Triangular

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53
Q

a three sided figure whose base is superior to its apex; when used to describe a frontal-view geometric head shape, a head which is wide at the forehead and narrow at the jaw

A

Inverted Triangular

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54
Q

a frontal-view geometric head shape which is widest across the cheekbones, narrowing in width in both the forehead and the jaws

A

Diamond

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55
Q

a frontal head form in which the head is long and narrow throughout; forehead may be rounded or square; the nose is usually long

A

Oblong

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56
Q

What Features Exhibit Asymmetry

A
  1. Eyelids & Eyebrows
  2. Ears
  3. Cheeks
  4. Nose & Mouth
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57
Q

Anatomical Guides for Locating the Modeled Ear

A
  1. Zygomatic Arch
  2. Mandibular Fossa
  3. External Auditory Meatus
  4. Mastoid Process
58
Q

a long, thin, arched process extending anteriorly from the squama to the zygomatic bone, it lies above the external auditory meatus and divides the length of the ear in half; it is considered the widest part of the face

A

Zygomatic Arch

59
Q

a small oval depression or socket on the underside of the temporal bone; the condyle of the mandible articulates in this depression, the mandibular fossa lies just anterior to the external auditory meatus

A

Mandibular Fossa

60
Q

the opening of the ear passage located in front of the mastoid process

A

External Auditory Meatus

61
Q

a rounded projection of the interior portion of the temporal bone just medial to the lobe of the ear; the sternocleidomastoid muscle attaches to the mastoid process

A

Mastoid Process

62
Q

the organ of hearing consisting of the external ear, middle ear, and internal ear; no two ears are identical, not even those of the same individual; the ears change less in a lifetime than any other facial feature; the ear is formed like a wedge; made of cartilage except the lobe

A

Ear (Pinna)

63
Q

What are the Internal Ear Bones

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
    these have NO effect on surface form
64
Q

a specialized type of dense connective tissue; attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures, such as the nasal septum and the framework of the ear.

A

Cartilage

65
Q

What are the Parts of the Ear?

A
  1. Ear Passage
  2. Helix
  3. Scapha
  4. Antihelix
  5. Crura of the Antihelix
  6. Triangular Fossa
  7. Concha
  8. Tragus
  9. Antitragus
  10. Intertragic Notch
  11. Lobe
  12. Crus of the Helix
66
Q

the orifice that leads into the hearing organ, is NOT visible from the frontal view or from the direct profile view

A

Ear Passage

67
Q

the outer rim of the ear has the general shape of a question mark; it begins superior to the lobe and ends by attaching to the cheek

A

Helix

68
Q

the fossa between the inner and outer rims of the ear; it is the SHALLOWEST DEPRESSION of the ear

A

Scapha

69
Q

the inner rim of the ear; it starts at the superior border of the lobe and continues upward until it ends by becoming the crura; it forms the superior and posterior walls of the concha

A

Antihelix

70
Q

the superior and anterior bifurcating branches of the antihelix of the ear

A

Crura of the Antihelix

71
Q

Depression between the Crura; SECOND DEEPEST DEPRESSION of the ear.

A

Triangular Fossa

72
Q

Concave shell of the ear; DEEPEST DEPRESSION of the ear; located posterior and superior to the ear passage

A

Concha

73
Q

An elevation protecting the ear passage (external auditory meatus); arises from the posterior margin of the lateral cheek

A

Tragus

74
Q

A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus; located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear

A

Antitragus

75
Q

A notch or opening between the tragus and antitragus of the ear “spillway”

A

Intertragic Notch

76
Q

a part or projection, more or less rounded; the inferior fatty 1/3 part of the ear; MOST INFERIOR PART of the ear; attaches to the cheek

A

Lobe

77
Q

the origin of the helix that is flattened and ends in the concha

A

Crus of the Helix

78
Q

What are the Depressions of the Ear: Deepest to Most Shallow

A
  1. Concha
  2. Triangular Fossa
  3. Scapha
79
Q

What are the Hollow parts of the Ear

A
  1. Scapha
  2. Triangular Fossa
  3. Concha
  4. Intertragic Notch
  5. Ear Passage
80
Q

What are the Ridged parts of the Ear

A
  1. Helix
  2. Antihelix
  3. Crura
  4. Tragus
  5. Antitragus
  6. Crus
81
Q

The Length of the Ear =

A

1/3 Length of the Face

82
Q

Ears are not part of the face but are used to…

A

determine portions

83
Q

this line cab be somewhat parallel to a line on the bony profile from the Glabella to the Maxilla (brow to the upper lip- profile view)

A

Anterior Margin

84
Q

Inclination of the Ear uses __________ as a guide

A

Anterior Margin

85
Q

What are the 5 Bilateral Forms of the head and features that are asymmetrical

A
  1. Both eyes may not be the same width
  2. One side of the mouth may be wider than the other
  3. One side of the nose may be wider than the other
  4. One cheek may be more prominent than the other
  5. The ears exhibit the greatest differences in position, form, and size**
86
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the face that exhibit a similarity of Bilateral Curvatures

A
  1. Forehead
  2. Cheeks
  3. Superior Integumentary Lip
  4. Chin
87
Q

mathematical relationships of the facial features to one another and/or to the head and face

A

Facial Proportions

88
Q

Vertical =

A

Length

89
Q

Horizontal =

A

Width

90
Q

The height of the average adult is how many head lengths?

A

7.5 to 8

91
Q

the widest part of the head is measured by….

A

the distance between the 2 parietal eminences

92
Q

2 imaginary parallel lines one on top of the head and one at the base of the chin is the…

A

Length of the Head (Vertex)

93
Q

the length of the head that extends across the eyes

A

Midline

94
Q

the dimension from the tip of the nose to the greatest protrusion of the back of the head is equal to =

A

the size of the length of the head

95
Q

The distance from the root of the nose to the base of the wing of the nose is equal to=

A

the length of the first two joints of the thumb against the index finger

96
Q

the vertical distance from the base of the nose to the line of closure of the lips is equal to =

A

the length of the first joint of the thumb against the index finger

97
Q

the Face can be divided into?

A

Thirds (1/3)

98
Q

The width of the face is equal to=

A

2/3’s the Length of the face

99
Q

the length from the tip of the nose to the ear passage is ?

A

2/3’s

100
Q

Hairline TO eyebrows =

A

1/3

101
Q

Eyebrows/ top of the ear TO the base of the nose/ bottom of the ear =

A

1/3

102
Q

Base of the nose/bottom of the ear TO the base of the chin =

A

1/3

103
Q

Lower 1/3 of the face can be further divided into ?

A

Thirds (1/3)

104
Q

base of the nose TO across the line of closure of the lips =

A

1/3

105
Q

across the line of closure of the lips TO the labio facial mental sulcus =

A

1/3

106
Q

the labio facial mental sulcus TO the base of the chin =

A

1/3

107
Q

the face is ____ noses wide

A

3

108
Q

the length of the nose is equal to … =

A

the length of the ear

109
Q

the width of the nose at the wings is equal to … =

A

the width of an eye

110
Q

the face is ____ eyes wide from between the zygomatic arches

A

5

111
Q

the distance between they eyes is equal to … =

A

the width of 1 eye

112
Q

the mouth is ____ eyes wide

A

2

113
Q

the superior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as

A

the eyebrows

114
Q

the inferior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as

A

the base of the nose

115
Q

the face is ____ ears long

A

3

116
Q

length of the ear is the same measurement of…

A

the lateral outer corner of the eye to the ear

117
Q

line of closure of the lips lies…

A

half way between the base of the nose and the labio facial mental sulcus/top of the chin

118
Q

eyes are half way between…

A

the length of the head

119
Q

the width of the mouth is..

A

the width of twice the base of the nose

120
Q

what is the basic dimensional unit for width measurement

A

One Eye

121
Q

What are the 4 general rules for Equal measurements

A
  1. ear passage TO the tip of the nose
  2. eyebrow TO the base of the chin
  3. hairline TO the base of the nose
  4. ear passage TO ear passage
122
Q

T/F the lips meet at a point one-half the distance from the base of the nose to the base of the chin

A

False

123
Q

T/F the superior border of the chin is located one-fourth the distance from the base of the chin to the base of the nose

A

False

124
Q

T/F the line of closure of the mouth is located one-half the distance from the base of the nose to the superior border of the chin

A

True

125
Q

T/F the superior border of the chin lies one-half the distance from the base of the chin to the line of closure of the mouth

A

True

126
Q

T/F the line of closure of the mouth is located two-thirds the distance from the base of the chin to the base of the nsoe

A

True

127
Q

T/F the lower third of the face may be divided into three relatively equal divisions

A

True

128
Q

T/F if the width of the right eye measures one and one-half inches, the distance between the eyes will be approximately three inches

A

False

129
Q

T/F if the measurement of one eye was two inches wide, the face at its widest point should measure eight inches

A

False

130
Q

The line of closure of the mouth is located ________ the distance from the base of the chin to the base of the nose

A

Two-thirds

131
Q

The lips meet ______ the distance from the base of the nose to the base of the chin

A

One-third

132
Q

The distance from the eyebrow to the base of the nose is approximately equal to the

A

length of the ear

133
Q

roughly the length of the ear is equal to the distance from the ______ to the normal hairline

A

Eyebrow

134
Q

the superior border of the ear lies on the same transverse plane as the

A

Eyebrow

135
Q

One of the three major divisions of the face is measured from the

A

Normal hairline to the eyebrow

136
Q

What is the Most common head shape

A

Oval

137
Q

What is the Least common head shape

A

Triangular

138
Q

What head shape has the maximum amount of curvature

A

Round

139
Q

What is the standard facial profile

A

Vertical

140
Q

What is the Least common facial profile

A

Concave

141
Q

What is the Most common facial profile

A

Convex

4th Quarter Exams (7 decks)

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