Review Questions 11.1-11.6 (Circulatory System) Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are 2 functions of the circulatory system?
Any 2 of: transports nutrients, oxygen to cells; transports wastes away from cells; transports hormones (chemical messages) to target tissues; transports immune cells throughout the body)
Why do simple organisms like the Hydra not need a circulatory system?
The Hydra only has 2 layers of cells, and lives in water. All of its cells are in direct contact with water, so it can rely on diffusion to/from the surrounding environment.
What is the difference between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system?
open: blood is pumped by heart into body cavities; no distinction between blood & interstitial fluid, e.g., snails, insects, crustaceans…
closed: blood is contained in blood vessels e.g., earthworms, squids, humans…
What are the 2 main components of blood? What percentage of each?
55% plasma
45% blood cells (mostly red blood cells)
Describe 2 characteristics of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Any 2 of: RBC’s have no nucleus; they contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen; they are red when they carry oxygenated blood and blue when they carry deoxygenated blood; they make up almost all of the cells in blood; they are biconcave; they survive about 120 days….
Name 1 type of protein contained in blood.
Any 1 of: albumins, globulins, fibrinogens
What type of blood cells are involved in blood clotting?
platelets
What antigens does blood type O have?
no antigens
What antibodies does a person with blood type B produce?
A-antibodies
What types of blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?
veins
What is the term that refers to the increase in diameter of blood vessels?
vasodilation
Where in the circulatory system are nutrients and gases exchanged between the blood and body cells?
the capillaries
Name the 2 major blood vessels that bring blood to the heart.
the vena cava (superior & inferior), and the pulmonary veins
Name the 2 major blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.
the aorta & the pulmonary arteries
What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
the pulmonary artery
Which node (mass of muscle & nerve cells) is responsible for setting the heart rate?
the sinoatrial (SA) node
Which node (mass of muscle & nerve cells) is responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles of the ventricles?
the atrioventricular (AV) node
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
a sphygmomanometer
What is systolic blood pressure?
blood pressure while the ventricles in the heart are contracting
What causes the “lubb-dubb” sounds of the heartbeat?
the closing of the heart valves
