Review Stuff

Question 0

Arthritis that gets better with use including the MCP joint with nodules

Answer 0

RA

- CD4 mediated process

Question 1

Squamous dysplasia spectrum

Answer 1

• AK: partial thickness atypia
• SCCIS: full thickness atypia
• Met SCC: Full thickness with basal layer infiltration

Question 2

Palisading rings of lymphocytes, jaw cyst and PTCH mutation

Answer 2

• Gorlin’s syndrome

Question 3

Trabecular bone without cells in lacunae

Answer 3

• necrotic, expect to see wedge shaped infarct

- sequela is osteoarthritis due to collapse of trabeculae

Question 4

Increased melanocytes Without atypia (should resemble lymphocytes)

Answer 4

• normal Nevus

Question 5

Pagetoid spread of melanocytes

Answer 5

Malignant melanoma

• local: Breslow
• met: stage

Question 6

Puzzle piece mosaic lines

Answer 6

• Paget’s disease

- upregulation of blasts and clasts

Question 7

Bimodally distributed hard tissue neoplasm

Answer 7

• osteosarcoma

Question 8

Most common hard tissue neoplasm in the elderly

Answer 8

• chondrosarcoma

- axially distributed

Question 9

Most common tumor in kids

Answer 9

• Ewing sarcoma

Question 10

Most common tumor occurring in bone

Answer 10

• Metastatic lesions coming from the prostate in men and the breasts in women

Question 11

Primary cause of mortality in Deschenes’s muscular dystrophy

Answer 11

• cardiac failure

- resp failure can support

Question 12

Severely atrophied facial muscles with ring fibers in myositis on biopsy

Answer 12

Myotonic dystrophy

Question 13

Muscle wasting with Panfascicular myocyte lost

Answer 13

Spinal muscular atrophy

Question 14

Trichrome stain yielding parking lot inclusions in mitochondria, weakness with exercise

Answer 14

• mitochondrial myopathy

- neural and cardiac sequelae

Question 15

Glycogen storage disease that effects both muscle and liver

Answer 15

Pompe’s disease

Question 16

Inflammatory process showing lymphocytic infiltration in skin and muscle

• adults only
• everyone

Answer 16

• dermatomyocytis: in all ages

- polymyocytis: in adults only

Question 17

Retroperitoneal malignancy

Answer 17

• liposarcoma

- could also be Fibromatosis (desmoid) but less common and more symptoms

Question 18

Benign tumor that acts malignant

Answer 18

Fibromatosis

- recapitulates muscle tissue -> fibrotic mass

Question 19

Leiomyomas vs. leiomyosarcomas

Answer 19

Leiomyomas are fairly common, leiomyosarcomas are quite rare.

Question 20

Erlenmyer flask deformity

Answer 20

• seen in the ends of long bones of osteopetrosis

- carbonic anhydrase II

Question 21

Mutation in TCIRG1

Answer 21

• osteopetrosis

- screws with H pumps decreasing

Question 22

Saddle nose deformity

Answer 22

• associated with metastatic lung cancer appearance

Wegeners

Question 23

Sqstm1 mutation

Answer 23

Found in 50 % of Paget’s cases

Question 24

Deep vs. superficial Fibromatoses - location - mechanism

Answer 24

- superficial is either palmar, plantar or penile (mechanism unknown) - deep are associated with musculature of abdomen ~ associatd with APC/B-catenin mutations, and FAP

Question 25

Failure to let go after handshake

Answer 25

Myotonic dystrophy

Question 26

Anticipation, seen with onset in teenagers

Answer 26

Type I MD | - type II is adult onset and shows no anticipation and is less severe

Question 27

DMPK gene mutation

Answer 27

- myotonic dystrophy | - CTG repeats (more repeats, mo sever disease)

Question 28

External opthalmoplegia, neuro symptoms and cardiomyopathy

Answer 28

- mitochondrial myopathy

Question 29

Ragged red fibers and "parking lot" inclusions

Answer 29

Mitochondrial myopathy

Question 30

Threadlike bands of protein derived from a-actinin

Answer 30

Nemaline - floppy babies - arthrogryposis: contracture of joints

Question 31

Condition assoc. with thymomas

Answer 31

- myasthenia gravis | - excess production of T cells -> ACh attack

Question 32

Edrophonium

Answer 32

- AChE to diagnose MG | - aka Tensilon test

Question 33

Rhabdomyosarcoma best and worst prognosis

Answer 33

- best = embryonal (botryoid tumor) | - worst = alveolar

Question 34

Dermatomyocytis as a Paraneoplastic syndrome in kids

Answer 34

GI cancer

Question 35

Soap bubble, epiphisial tumor

Answer 35

- giant cell tumor

Question 36

Metaphyseal tumor transformation

Answer 36

- osteosarcoma (benign tumor starts in bone) -> chondrosarcoma

Question 37

Radiolucent core on X-ray, aspirin doesn't relieve pain

Answer 37

- osteoblastomas

Question 38

Tombstone blister morphology

Answer 38

Separation of s. basale from rest: desmosome (desmoglien 1 and 3)

Question 39

Bisphosphonates as treatment

Answer 39

- Paget's disease

Question 40

Velvety darkening of the skin in axilla/groin

Answer 40

- acanthosis nigricans | - associated with gastric carcinoma and TIIDM

Question 41

Saw toothed dermal-epidermal junction, 6 P's

Answer 41

- lichen planus

Question 42

Tizarotine

Answer 42

- cat X | - MOA: comedolytic, normalizes epidermal differentiation, anti inflammatory

Question 43

Guttate psoriasis

Answer 43

- small lesions over trunk and proximal extremities | - preceded by strep throat infection

Question 44

Storiform ground glass appearing tumor associated with precocious puberty

Answer 44

- fiberous dysplasia | - 70% monostic

Question 45

Hair growth signaling genes

Answer 45

WNT - follicle development | Notch - epidermal differentiation

Question 46

Atopic dermatitis pathenogenesis

Answer 46

- fillagrin | - TH2 mediated

Question 47

Tzank smear

Answer 47

HSV detection | - detects giant cells

Question 48

Hutchinsons sign

Answer 48

- herpes zoster papules appearing on nose: get opthalmaic consult

Question 49

Bright red plaques with satillite pustules

Answer 49

Candidiasis | - may be associated with

Question 50

Sabourauds/Mycosel gel

Answer 50

- diagnosis of superficial fungal infection

Question 51

Acral lentiginous melanoma

Answer 51

Palms, soles, nail beds | - most common in dark skinned