Revise Radiology Paeds Flashcards by Sami Al-Balasmeh

Reversal of rectosigmoid ratio

Hirschprungs disease

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Well defined, round, subcarinal mass in 3YO. Recurrent chest infections

Bronchogenic cyst

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MRI enhancement of Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

Minimal first pass enhancement.
Isointense to myocardiumon late gadolinium

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Low T1, High T2 orbital lesion with no enhancement or calcification. Adjacent bone scalloping

Epidermoid cyst

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Well circumscribed lesion in tubular bones of hands, some have calcfications

Enchondroma

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Infant, ground glass in right middle lobe and lingula

NEHI (Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy)

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Loss of zone of provisional calcification in metaphysis of long bones

Rickets

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Sequestration/CCAM diagnosed in utero, best Ix after birth

CT Angiogram

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Caroli syndrome vs caroli disease

Caroli syndrome is caroli disease plus congenital hepatic fibrosis

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Recurrent cholangitis in Caroli disease, Rx

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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Neonate, narrow rectum, dilated proximal bowel

Hirschprungs

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Characteristic intracranial finding in Sturge Weber

Leptomeningeal enhancement

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Radial dysplasia with thumb present

TAR (Thrombocytomenia Absent Radius)

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Abnormal grey matter nodules along glial pathways to the cortex

Heterotopia

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Commonest cause of scoliosis in kids

Idiopathic

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UVC projected above diaphragm, neonate has sudden respiratory distress

Pericardial tamponade (line is within atrium)

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Causes of congenital lobar emphysema

PDA,
Bronchial dysplasia,
Bronchial web,
Inspissated mucus

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Bone tumour with lung and bone mets at presentation

Ewings

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Forms of Holoprosencephaly

Alobar: Single posteriorly located monoventricle, fusion of thalami, no separation of cerebral hemispheres
Semilobar: 2 hemispheres posteriorly, fused anteriorly
Lobar: nearly complete separation of hemispheres except mild frontal abnormalities.
Middle interhemispheric variant.
Abnormal midline hemispheric connection in posterior frontal and parietal lobes

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Non-radiopaque foreign body inhalation (CXR)

Lateral decub (ipsilateral side down) shows reduced volume on affected lung

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Right sided aortic arch most commonly associated syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome

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Snowman sign on CXR

Supracardiac TAPVR

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Most common malignant pancreatic tumour of young children

Pancreatoblastoma

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Types of right aortic arch

Type 1: Right sided with mirror image branching
Type 2: Right sided with aberrant left subclavian
Type 3: Right sided with isolation of left subclavian

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Other heart finding associated with D transposition

Right coronary artery dominance

Choledochal cyst types

1: Fusiform dilatation of CBD, without multiple intrahepatic cysts 2: Diverticulum of bile duct 3: Choledochocele within duodenum 4: Multiple connumicating intra and extrahepatic duct cysts 4a: fusiform dilatation of entire extrahepatic duct with extension of dilatation to intrahepatic ducts 4b: Multiple cystic dilatations involving only the extrahepatic bile duct 5: Cystic dilatations of intrahepatic ducts

Recurrent pneumothoraces, lytic lesion with soft tissue mass overlying parietal bone

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Suitability for Norwood procedure

Severe hypoplasia of left heart (Z score below -2)

Dystrophic nails, yellow teeth, thickened cortices and fractures. Short stature

Pyknodysostosis

Post term, hyperinflation

Meconium ileus

Furosemide use in children can cause

Nephrocalcinosis

Liver mass in child with precocious puberty

Hepatoblastoma

Thick walled, confluent cysts in right upper lobe

CCAM

Severe hydrocephalus vs Hydrancephaly

Thin residual rim of cortical tissue vs near complete absence of cerebral hemispheres

Sturge Weber intracranial appearances

Leptomeningeal enhancement, cortical atrophy, tram-track calcifications

Soft, compressible, multiloculated cystic lesion in posterior triangle

Lymphangioma

Ix to assess myocardial viability in Kawasaki disease

Cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement

Avulsion fragment at inferior patella with soft tissue swelling

Patellar Sleeve Avulsion Fracture

Ossification or calcification at inferior pole of patella

Sindig Larsen Johansson

Irregularitis and fragmentation of tibial tuberosity

Osgood schlatter

Well defined hypodense lesion in temporal lobe with underlying bone remodelling

DNET

Hyperdense cortical lesion with mass effect, necrosis and cysts

PNET

Hyperinflation and increased lucency with curvilinear opacity from the hilum

Bronchial atresia

Multiple fractures, bone in bone appearance of spine

Osteopetrosis

Hypoattenuating, non enhancing mass with peripheral calcifications, above lateral ventrcles

Lipoma

Normal white matter on MRI (Mature)

Hyperintense on T1, Hypointense on T2

Most characteristic spinal appearance in Sickle Cell

Lincoln Log appearance. Square like depressions in superior and inferior endplates on lateral imaging

Best Ix for PHPV (& findings)

MRI, typical triangular shape with low T2 signal

Hyperinflation with coarse, linear densities and focal areas of emphysema (neonate)

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

Right pleural based mass, no rib invasion

Pleuropulmonary blastoma

Hard mass adjacent to orbit, involving lateral wall of orbit

Neuroblastoma

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome monitoring

Abdo US every 3 months to look for Wilms and other tumours

Brachycephaly, maxillary hypoplasia, hypertelorism, Syndactyly

Apert syndrome

Craniosynostosis and facial abnormalities, normal fingers

Crouzon syndrome

5 year survival for thoracic neuroblastoma

78%

Persistent mass after successful reduction of intusussception

Oedematous ileocaecal valve creating pseudomass

Prenatal hydronephrosis, when to US after birth

5-7 days

Heterogenous lesion with enhancing solid components in 3rd ventricle

Craniopharyngioma

Reed Sternberg cells

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Recurrent croup caused by

Subglottic stenosis

Large, heterogenous mass with necrotic areas, fever, 10YO

Burkitt Lymphoma

Multiple, hyperechoic masses on echocardiogram

Rhabdomyoma

Bladder exstrophy

Herniation of urinary bladder through a hole in the anterior infra-umbilical abdominal wall

Swyer james vs air trapping

Affected lung is smaller in Swyer James

Course of umbilical venous catheter

Posterior from umbilicus, umbilical vein through left portal vein through ductus venosus, through IVC, right side of spine

Pathology underlying Caroli disease

Impaired ciliary function

Pulmonary plethora and cyanosis

TAPVR

Screening conducted in first week of life for premature infants

US brain for germinal matrix haemorrhage

Haemorrhage deep to aponeurosis, not limited by suture lines

Subgaleal haemorrhage

5 year survival post atrial switch for D-TGA

90%

DMSA vs MAG3

DMSA looks for scarring MAG3 assesses renal function

Well circumscribed heterogenous mass in kidney which enhancess less than the kidney

Wilms

Most likely to met to lung in child

Wilms

Plane used to assess for DDH on US

Coronal plane

Echogenic renal pyramids with tubular ectasia

ARPKD

Midgut volvulus can cause (AXR)

Double bubble

Associations with cystic hygroma (fetal)

Turner, Downs, CF, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, CAH

Croup management

Nebulised adrenaline

C-section associated with

TTN

Thymoma relation to thymus

Often inseparable

Bell shaped thorax, short ribs, normal vertebra

Jeune syndrome (Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy)

Median survival for CF

41.1 years

Enlarging periorbital mass in infant

Capillary haemangioma

Hypoechoic testicular mass with increased vascularity and increased AFP

Yolk sac tumour

Yolk sac tumour on US, next step

Immediate exploration and orchidectomy

Lateral condyle fractures associated with

Ulnar nerve injury

Flattening of femoral head, enlargement of medial joint space

Legg-Calve-Perthes

Ill defined, non-encapsulated, trans-spacial multiloculated cystic and solid lesion in orbit

Orbital lymphangioma

Symptomatic CCAM Rx

Immediate surgical resection

Scaphocephaly

Premature closure of sagittal suture. Long, narrow forehead resembling an upside down boat

Significance of alpha angle in hip

Assesses depth of hip

Gold standard Ix for biliary atresia

Intraoperative cholangiogram

RDS

Ground glass opacities with air bronchograms

Medial epicondyle not visible on XR

Medial epicondyle avulsion (little league elbow)

Revise Radiology Paeds Flashcards

(94 cards)