SBAs for final FRCR 2A Unit 5

Question 1

Premature baby, US brain shows loculated cystic lesions in frontal lobes

Answer 1

Periventricular leucomalacia

Question 2

Commonest prenatal cause of death in ARPKE

Answer 2

Severe renal compromise

Question 3

Pre and post op imaging in congenital heart

Answer 3

Pre is focussed on morphology for surgical planning
Post is more focussed on function

Question 4

Most important clinical feature of post op ToF imaging

Answer 4

Pulmonary valve function

Question 5

Dandy walker variant vs malformation

Answer 5

Malformation:
- Enlargement of posterior fossa
- Associated CNS anomalies are more common

Question 6

Osteosarcoma seen on XR, next step

Answer 6

MRI to evaluate local extent
CT chest and bone scan for pulmonary and bone mets

Question 7

Central line ideal position

Answer 7

Above the carina, so that it isn’t in the right atrium itself

Question 8

Neuroblastoma, Ix for bone mets

Answer 8

MIBG

Question 9

Pseudosubluxation of C2/3 and C3/4

Answer 9

Can be normal in kids

Question 10

Normal atlanto-dens interval

Answer 10

3mm in adults, 5mm in kids

Question 11

BPD vs PIE

Answer 11

Both cause bubbly lucencies on CXR.
BPD tends to develop more gradually and occur later

Question 12

Gyriform low T2 signal in cerebral cortex

Answer 12

Cortical calcification

Question 13

Cortical calcification, unilateral atrophy and leptomeningeal enhancement

Answer 13

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Question 14

Intralobar vs Extralobar sequestration

Answer 14

Extralobar more common in males and more common in left.
More commonly associated with other congenital abnormalities

Question 15

SUFE vs Perthes

Answer 15

SUFE demonstrates initial widening of joint space and loss of overlap between medial femoral metaphysis and acetabulum (metaphyseal extrusion)

Question 16

Cough, green sputum, wheeze. CXR: Hyperinflation, air trapping, peribronchial wall oedema, subsegmental atelectasis

Answer 16

Suggests viral pneumonia, reassure

Question 17

CXR: Linear densities within cystic spaces, usually confined to a single lobe

Answer 17

Persistent PIE

Question 18

Omphalocele vs gastrochisis

Answer 18

Omphalocele is covered by peritoneum.
Omphalocele is associated with cardiac abnormalities and Beckwith Weideman.
Omphalocele has umbilical cord inserting at the apex of the hernia

Question 19

Cyanosis, normal mediastinal contour with decreased pulmonary vascularity

Answer 19

TOF

Question 20

Commonest fracture associated with posterior elbow dislocation (in kids)

Answer 20

medial epicondyle

Question 21

Bilateral seminal vesicle agenesis

Answer 21

CF

Question 22

Scimitar syndrome vs PAPVR

Answer 22

Scimitar syndrome is associated with ipsilateral lung hypoplasia

Question 23

Multiple osteochondromas

Answer 23

Diaphyseal aclasia

Question 24

Septate vs bicornuate uterus

Answer 24

Bicornate:
Divergent uterine horns
External fundal cleft >1cm deep
Intercornual distance >4cm
Septate:
External fundal contour convex, flat or <1cm concave (rather than >1cm fundal cleft)

Question 25

Meckel's scan

Answer 25

99mTc pertechnate, detects gastric mucosa

Question 26

Posterior displacement of trachea suggests

Answer 26

Anterior mediastinal lesion

Question 27

Corpus Callosum Agenesis associated with

Answer 27

Delayed sulcation

Question 28

Progressive narrowing of interpeduncular distance down the spine

Answer 28

Achondroplasia

Question 29

Most consistent US sign of ovarian torsion

Answer 29

Enlarged ovary

Question 30

Most frequent polyposis syndrome to affect small intestine

Answer 30

Peutz jehger