revison two Flashcards
sensory organs
touch,sight,hearing,taste and smell
what are sensory receptors
sensory receptors detect stimuli from the environment and convert them into electrical signals for the central nervous system
five different sensory receptors and function
chemoreceptors- detect chemical stimuli
thermoreceptors- detect temperature
mechanoreceptors- detect touch,pressure vibrations and movement
photoreceptors- detect light
pain receptors- help respond to chemicals that have been released from damaged cells
order of parts of a neuron
. dendrites
. cell body
nucleus
. axon
myelin sheath
axon rerminal
functions of the parts of the neuron
axon- transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body
dendrite receives signals from other neuron’s
nucleus contains genetic material
mylein sheath insulates the axon to increase signal speed
axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons
what direction do messages traval in the nervous system
sensory neurons- interconnecting neurons-motor neurons
what is the impact of deterioration of mylein sheath in multille sclerosis
it disrupts the transmission of electrical impulses, leading to symptoms like weakness, numbness and coordination issues
how are signals transferred using a synapse
signals are transferred across a synapse using neurotransmitters released from the pre synaptic axon terminal to bind with receptors on the post synaptic axon terminal
what do sensory,motor and interconnecting neurons do?
sensory neurons carry messages from the receptors to the cns
motor neurons carry mesahes from the cns to effectors
interconnecting neurons connect sensory and motor neurons in the cns
define stimulus, receptor, effector and response
stimulus is a change in the environment
receptors detect the stimulus
effectors respond to the stimulus
response is the action taken as a result
negative feedback loop for glucose (write down)
negative feedback loop for water level
negative feedback loop for temperature
reflex arc of someone touching a hot iron
- receptors detect the heat from the iron (the stimulus)
- receptors send signals along sensory neuron’s to your spinal cord
- this message is then sent onto a motor neuron
- as a result, your arm moves off the hot iron
what are the parts of the brain and their functions
the cerebrum- controls conscious thought and voluntary movement
the cerebellum- controls balance and coordination
the brain stem controls body vital functions eg heart beat, breathing
what are the four parts the cerebrum is divided into
frontal lobe- located at the front of the brain, functions: emotions, memory, movement, reasoning, problem solving
parietal lobe- located between the frontal and occipital lobe, functions: control sensations, touch, temp, pressure, pain and taste
occipital lobe- located at the very back of the brain controls vision
temporal lobe- located at the very back of the brain, controls vision
what are hormones
chemical messages which are secreted by glands
endocrine glands
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroids, ovaries,testies, pancreas and adrenal glands
how do hormones send messages
hormones travel in the blood stream until they reach their specific target cell
What is the primary mode of communication for hormones in the body?
Hormones communicate through the bloodstream.
True or False: Nervous system messages are slower than hormonal messages.
False.
Fill in the blank: Hormones typically have _______ effects that can last for a longer duration than nervous system signals.
prolonged
Which system is responsible for rapid responses to stimuli?
The nervous system.
