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Zero to finals > Rheum 2 > Flashcards

Rheum 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what rash is associated with antiphospholipid syndrome

A

livedo reticularis

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2
Q

what type of endocarditis is associated with antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE

A

libmann sacks endocarditis

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3
Q

what happens to platelets in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

low

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4
Q

anticoagulation in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

warfarin

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5
Q

target INR antiphospholipid syndrome

A

2-3 on warfarin

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6
Q

anticoagulation in antiphospholipid syndrome when pregnant

A

LMWH and aspirin

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7
Q

sjogrens syndrome antibodies

A

anti ro and anti la

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8
Q

what test is done on examination for sjogrens syndrome

A

schrimer test

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9
Q

schrimer test method and results

A

place a piece of filter paper on the lower eyelid for 5 mins

distance travelled <10mm is significant for sjorgens

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10
Q

pilocarpine is used for and moa

A

stimulating tears and salivary gland secretion

stimulates muscarinic receptors and the parasympathetic nerves

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11
Q

what is polyarteritis nodosa

A

a medium vessel vasculitis

sx include
renal impairment
htn
tender skin nodules

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12
Q

what is kawasaki disease

A

a medium vessel vascultiis

sx
higher fever for 5 days
bilateral conjunctivitis
rash
adenopathy
strawberry tongue
hands and feet peeling

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13
Q

what is takayasu arteritis

A

large vessel vasculitis

sx include
aortic arch affected
pulseless

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14
Q

how to remember what antibody is associated with microscopic polyangitis

A

p-anca
p for petite like microscopic

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15
Q

what antibody is associated with HSP

A

IgA

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16
Q

what do patients with HSP need monitored

A

urine dipstick for renal involvement
blood pressure for hypertension

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17
Q

granulomatosis with polyangitis is also known as

A

wegners

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18
Q

wegners granulomatosis sx

A

nosebleeds
hearing loss
sinusitis
saddle shaped nose
glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

severe asthma
sinusitis
allergic rhinitis

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20
Q

what infection is polyartertitis nodosa associated with

A

hep b

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21
Q

key complication of kawasaki disease

A

coronary artery aneurysm

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22
Q

kawasaki disease mx

A

aspirin and IVIG

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23
Q

how is takayasus arteritis diagnosed

A

CT or MRI angiography

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24
Q

takayasus arteritis sx

A

claudication
fever
malaise
muscle ache
lack of pulse

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25
sx bechets disease
oral ulcers- painful, sharply circumscribed and have a red halo genital ulcers
26
bechets disease is associated with what gene
HLA B51
27
what test can be done to aid diagnosis of bechets disease
pathergy test
28
how is bechets disease managed
steroids colchicine
29
bechets disease pattern
relapsing remitting
30
types of ehlers danlos syndrome
classic hypermobile vascular
31
autonomic dysfunction in ehlers danlos causes what
pots syndrome tachycardia on sitting/standing syncope
32
what score is used to assess patients in ehlers danlos
beighton
33
ehlers danlos is defect in
collagen
34
features of marfans syndrome
high arch palate long fingers- arachnodactyly increased arm span
35
what diet increases risk of gout
high purine (meat and seafood)
36
what is seen on x ray in gout
maintained joint space lytic lesions punched out erosions
37
allopurinol moa
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
38
gout mx
nsaid (not in renal impairment) colchicine steroids 3rd line
39
if a patient is on allopurinol or feburoxstat and gets active gout what happens to their prophylactic medications
continued
40
gout prophylactic medications
allopurinol febuxostat
41
what is chondrocalcinosis
deposits of calcium in the joint cartilage
42
how is pseudogout managed
it resolves by itself symptomatic relief: nsaids colchicine intra articular steroid injections oral steroids
43
t score osteopenia
-1 to -2.5
44
t score osteoporosis
< -2.5
45
what is osteopenia
a less severe form of osteoporosis
46
what do qfracture and frax tools calculate
10 year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture
47
what q fracture score indicated need for dexa scan
>10%
48
when do you not have to calculate qfracture score before doing dexa
patients over 50 with a fragility fracture
49
osteoporosis mx
1st line= bisphosphonates lifestyle adivce= increase exercise, reduce alcohol and smoking, weight loss make sure calcium and vitamin D levels are normal and if not supplement them
50
bisphosphonate side effects
reflux atypical fractures osteonecrosis of the jaw or external auditory canal
51
advice given on how to take bisphosphonates
take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water remain upright for 30 mins after taking them
52
when should you reassess someone on bisphosphonates
after 3-5 years if t score > -2.5 stop medication
53
strontium ranelate moa
stimulates osteoblasts and blocks osteoclasts
54
strontium ralenate side effects
increases risk of VTE and MI
55
raloxifene moa
SERM targets bone receptors not uterus or breast
56
raloxifene side effect
increases risk of VTE
57
what are looser zones
fragility fractures that go partially through bone
58
how is osteomalacia treated
vitamin d supplementation
59
when should serum calcium be checked after starting vitamin D supplementation in osteomalacia
within a month
60
what causes osteomalacia
vitamin d insufficiency
61
x ray findings in paegts disease
bone enlargement and deformity osteoporosis circumscripta cotton wool appearance of skull v shaped osteolytic defects of long bones
62
pagets disease mx
bisphosphonates calcitonin when not suitable
63
what cancer can those with pagets disease get
osteosarcoma

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