Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Zero to finals > Resp 2 > Flashcards

Resp 2 Flashcards

1
Q

causes of exudate

A

pnuemonia/ infections
PE
dresslers
malignancy
connective tissue disease
pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lupus pernio is seen in

A

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to differentiate LEMS from myasthenia gravis

A

LEMS symptoms get slightly better with use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what structural change occurs in bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilation of the bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do you hear on auscultation in bronchiectasis

A

scattered crackles, wheeze and squeaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ix for diagnosing bronchiectasis and what you might see

A

high resolution CT chest
tram track opacities and ring shadows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bronchiectasis pseudomonas aerunginosa exacerbation abx choice

A

cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ix for diagnosing interstitial lung disease and what is seen

A

high resolution CT thorax
ground glass opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ground glass opacities on CT chest indicate what

A

ILD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

medications for slowing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progression

A

pirfenidone
nintedanib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

amiodarone
cyclophosphamide
methotrexate
nitrofurantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

extrinsic allergic alveolitis involves what kind of hypersensitivity reactions

A

III and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is extrinsic allergic alveolitis diagnosed

A

bronchoalveolar lavage
shows lymphocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is cryptogenic organising pneumonia

A

bronchiolitis obliterans previously

a focal area of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

transudate vs exudate protein content

A

transudate <30g/L
exudate >30g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lights criteria

A

pleural fluid protein:serum protein >0.5
pleural fluid LDH: serum LDH >0.6
pleural fluid LDH greater than 2/3 normal upper limit of LDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of exudate

A

malignancy
pneumonia
PE
rheumatoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of transudate

A

congestive HF
hypoalbuminaemia
hypothyroidism
meigs syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what side does the trachea deviate in pleural effusion

A

away from effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

x ray signs of pleural effusion

A

blunting of costophrenic angles
fluid in lung fissures
meniscus level
tracheal deviation away from effusion
mediastinal shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an empyema

A

an infected pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pleural aspiration analysis for an empyema

A

low pH
low glucose
high LDH
pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what mx of pleural effusion prevents recurrence

A

chest drain

24
Q

what is a pneumothorax

A

when air enters the pleural space and separates the lung from the chest wall

25
what size pneumothorax can be manage conservatively
<2cm
26
safe triangle boundaries
5th intercostal space mid axillary line anterior axillary line
27
mid axillary line corresponds to
the lateral edge of the latissimus dorsi
28
anterior axillary line corresponds to
the lateral edge of the pectoralis major
29
what will you see in the chest drain that indicates the pneumothorax has resolved
no bubbling in the water reduced swinging of water
30
complications of chest drain
air leak around drain site surgical emphysema
31
what surgery can be used in refractory pneumothorax and what is done
VATS pleurodesis- the lining of the pleura is irritated so it sticks to the lung
32
what happens in a tension pneumothorax
trauma to the chest wall breaks the pleura this occurs in more air entering the pleural space with every breath but no air being able to escape, creating constant additional pressure on the lung
33
tension pneumothorax mx
insert a wide bore cannula into the 2nd ICS mid clavicular line or 4th/5th ICS anterior midaxillary line chest drain after decompression
34
contraindications to LMWH for VTE prophylaxis
current bleeding warfarin DOAC
35
wells score <4
d dimer
36
wells score >4
CTPA
37
when may CTPA be unsuitable for a patient
renal impairment contrast allergy
38
resp alkosis with low po2 vs high po2 indicates
low= PE high= hyperventilation
39
riavroxaban dosing for PE
25mg BD for 21 days then 20mg OD
40
1st and 2nd line anticoagulation for PE
1st=DOAC 2nd= LMWH
41
DOAC contraindications in PE mx
severe renal impariment antiphospholipid syndrome pregnancy
42
1st line anticoagulation for PE in pregnancy
LMWH
43
1st line anticoagulation for PE in pts with antiphospholipid syndrome
warfarin
44
what side of the heart does pulmonary htn strain
right
45
MAP pulmonary hypertension
20 mmHg
46
ECG changes due to right heart strain
P pulmonale (peaked p waves) RVH right axis deviation right bundle branch block
47
RVH signs on ECG
tall r waves in V1 and V2 deep S waves in V5 and V6
48
causes of pulmonary hypertension
idiopathic left heart failure chronic lung disease PE
49
what is lofgrens syndrome
a type of sarcoidosis with a triad of: erythema nodosum bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy polyarthralgia
50
what is seen on bloods for sarcoidosis
raised ACE hypercalcaemia
51
histology in sarcoidosis
non caseating granulomas epitheloid cells
52
sarcoidosis mx
nothing if not needed steroids with bisphosphonates for 6-24 months if needed methotrexate second line
53
sarcoidosis prognosis
usually spontaneously resolves within 2 yrs in most patients
54
what is used to assess symptoms of OSA
epworth sleepiness scale
55
OSA mx
lifestyle= reduce weight, alcohol and smoking CPAP surgery if refractory- uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Zero to finals (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions