S&T 2017 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Which chemicals are commonly found in Lipstick?
Lead
Lead is an unwanted or controversial chemical found in many lipsticks, linked to various health issues.
What is Brominated vegetable oil used for?
It is used as a density stabilizer in certain soft drinks and fruit-flavored beverages.
Long-term exposure can cause neurologic symptoms.
What health concerns are associated with lead exposure?
- Neurotoxicity
- Reduced fertility
- Hormonal changes
- Delayed onset of puberty
Exposure to lead has been linked to learning and behavioral problems.
Which mosquito transmits Zika virus disease?
Aedes genus, mainly Aedes aegypti
This mosquito also transmits dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever.
True or False: Zika virus can be transmitted sexually.
True
Sexual transmission is one of the ways Zika virus can be spread.
What is the purpose of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) project?
To detect gravitational waves
eLISA will explore the Gravitational Universe from space.
What does the Standard Model of particle physics describe?
It describes three of the four known fundamental forces and classifies all known elementary particles.
The forces include electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions.
Define ‘Singularity’ in the context of physics.
A point of infinite density and gravity where the laws of physics break down
This concept is commonly associated with black holes.
What is an Event Horizon?
The boundary marking the outer edge of black holes, beyond which nothing can escape
Astronomers can observe black holes through light emitted by surrounding matter.
What is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) used for?
Reproductive cloning of animals
SCNT was used to clone the sheep ‘Dolly’.
What are potential applications of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer?
- Stem cell research
- Organ transplants
- Therapeutic applications
- Reproductive cloning
- Preservation of endangered species
SCNT has both benefits and ethical concerns.
How can genome sequencing be used in agriculture?
- Identify genetic markers for disease resistance
- Reduce time to develop new crop varieties
- Decipher host-pathogen relationships
These applications can enhance food security and sustainable agriculture.
What is the significance of the Genome India project?
To create a catalogue of genetic variations in Indians
It aims to tailor drugs and therapies based on genetic data.
What is the goal of the IndiGen programme?
To undertake whole genome sequencing of diverse ethnic groups in India
This will facilitate genetic epidemiology and public health applications.
What does the Indian Initiative on Earth Bio-Genome Sequencing aim to do?
Collect and preserve endangered and economically significant species
It is part of the Earth Biogenome Project.
In India, who is legally mandated to report cyber security incidents?
- Service providers
- Data centers
- Body corporate
These entities have specific reporting obligations regarding cyber security.
What is the initial phase of IIEBS focused on?
Whole genome sequencing of 1,000 plant and animal species over five years
Which institution plays a key role in decoding genetic information of species in India?
Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI)
In India, who is legally obligated to report on cybersecurity incidents?
Service providers, data centers, body corporate
According to the Information Technology Act, 2000
Define cybersecurity incidents.
Any real and suspected adverse event in relation to cybersecurity that violates security policies
What power does section 70-B of the IT Act give the Central Government?
To appoint the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) to report cybersecurity incidents
What types of cybersecurity incidents must be reported to CERT-In?
Targeted scanning, compromise of critical systems, unauthorized access, website defacement, malicious code attacks, identity theft, DoS and DDoS attacks, attacks on critical infrastructure, application attacks
Includes attacks on e-governance and e-commerce
What is a significant challenge posed by cyber attacks on India’s critical infrastructure?
Vulnerability of essential services and national security
What incident highlighted the financial sector’s vulnerability to cyber attacks?
March 2020 malware attack on City Union Bank’s SWIFT system
