S&T 2020 Flashcards
(55 cards)
What are carbon nanotubes?
A tube made of carbon with a diameter in the nanometer range, consisting of a hexagonal arrangement of hybridized carbon atoms
They can be single-walled (SWCNTs) or multi-walled (MWCNTs)
Which properties do carbon nanotubes exhibit?
Exceptional tensile strength and thermal conductivity
These properties arise from their nanostructure and the strength of bonds between carbon atoms.
What are some applications of carbon nanotubes?
Energy storage, device modelling, automotive parts, water filters, thin-film electronics, coatings, and electromagnetic shields
CNTs are also used in pharmacy and medicine.
True or False: Carbon nanotubes are biodegradable.
False
They were once considered immune to biodegradation, but enzymes like peroxidase can assist in their biodegradation.
What is the function of drones in agriculture?
Spraying pesticides and precision crop monitoring
Drones can also be used for inspecting volcanoes and collecting samples.
What is the primary mission of the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)?
To explore the Gravitational Universe from space
eLISA will detect gravitational waves using a triangular formation of spacecraft.
What is gene therapy?
A method where a genetic defect is treated by inserting a functional gene into cells
It can be somatic or germline gene therapy.
What distinguishes somatic gene therapy from germline gene therapy?
Somatic gene therapy targets body tissues, while germline gene therapy targets reproductive cells
Germline therapy can pass genetic changes to future generations.
What is the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) used for?
To prevent pneumococcal disease, which includes pneumonia and meningitis
PCV is effective in reducing dependence on antibiotics for drug-resistant bacteria.
What is the primary use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
To authenticate users and devices in the digital world
PKI provides encryption and protects communications between servers and clients.
Fill in the blank: Plant cells have _______ cell walls, whilst animal cells do not.
cellulose
What is a key difference between mature plant cells and animal cells?
Mature plant cells have one large vacuole, while animal cells have many small vacuoles
This is related to their structural and functional differences.
What does PKI stand for?
Public Key Infrastructure
PKI secures sensitive electronic information using a two-key encryption system.
What is the main difference between plant and animal cells regarding cell walls?
Plant cells have cellulose cell walls whilst animal cells do not.
True or False: Plant cells do not have plasma membranes.
False
Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes.
What is a key characteristic of mature plant cells compared to animal cells?
Mature plant cells have one large vacuole whilst animal cells have many small vacuoles.
Which organelles are present in both plant and animal cells?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
Assist in cell division.
What is the purpose of Pronuclear Transfer in reproductive technology?
Prevention of mitochondrial diseases in offspring.
Fill in the blank: ART stands for _______.
Assisted Reproductive Technology
What is the primary goal of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?
Help individuals or couples conceive a child.
What does the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 allow?
Only altruistic surrogacy.
True or False: Commercial surrogacy is legal under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021.
False
List one advantage of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
- Disease diagnosis
- Create meaningful short stories and songs
- Text-to-Speech Conversion
