PYQ Research S&T > S&T 2019 > Flashcards

S&T 2019 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)?

A

A flagship initiative set up by NITI Aayog in 2016 to promote innovation and entrepreneurship across India.

AIM aims to create and promote an ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship at various levels including school, university, research institutions, MSME, and industry.

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2
Q

What are the two core functions of the Atal Innovation Mission?

A
  • Entrepreneurship promotion through Self-Employment and Talent Utilization
  • Innovation promotion to provide a platform for generating innovative ideas.
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3
Q

What is the vision of the Atal Tinkering Lab initiative?

A

To cultivate 1 million children in India as Neoteric Innovators.

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4
Q

What technologies are installed in Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL)?

A
  • 3D Printers
  • Robotics
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Miniaturized electronics
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5
Q

What is remote sensing?

A

The acquiring of information from a distance by detecting and monitoring physical characteristics of an area through reflected and emitted radiation.

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6
Q

Which of the following are measured using satellite images/remote sensing data?

A
  • Chlorophyll content in vegetation
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies
  • Land surface temperatures
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7
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite System?

A

To provide operational services to the user community with remote sensing satellites.

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8
Q

What was the spatial resolution of IRS-1A and IRS-1B?

A

36 metres.

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9
Q

What improvements did IRS-1C and IRS-1D provide over their predecessors?

A

A spatial resolution of 5.8 metres and a swath width of 140 kilometres.

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10
Q

What is the function of the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)?

A

It serves as the hub for the distribution of remote sensing satellite data products in India.

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11
Q

What are the primary applications of Resourcesat-3?

A
  • Crop monitoring
  • Forestry
  • Water resource management
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12
Q

What does LTE stand for?

A

Long Term Evolution.

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13
Q

What is the maximum download speed of LTE?

A

100 Mbps.

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14
Q

What is VoLTE?

A

Voice over Long-Term Evolution, a standard allowing voice calls to be carried through LTE networks.

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15
Q

What does Vo5G stand for?

A

Voice over 5G, also known as Voice over New Radio (VoNR).

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16
Q

What is Augmented Reality (AR)?

A

An interactive experience that enhances the real world with computer-generated perceptual information.

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17
Q

What is Virtual Reality (VR)?

A

A technology that immerses users in a virtual world using a head-mounted display or headset.

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18
Q

What is Mixed Reality (MR)?

A

A blend of imagination and reality allowing interaction with both real and virtual environments.

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19
Q

Which statement is not correct regarding functional chromosomes?

A

Functional chromosomes cannot be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.

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20
Q

What is tissue culture?

A

The cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs on specially formulated nutrient media.

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21
Q

What is cloning?

A

A technique to make exact genetic copies of living things.

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22
Q

What is cloning?

A

A technique used to make exact genetic copies of living things

Cloning can involve genes, cells, tissues, and whole animals.

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23
Q

Which organisms naturally clone themselves?

A

Single-celled organisms like bacteria

Identical twins in humans are also similar to clones.

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24
Q

What is embryo twinning?

Study These Flashcards
A

A cloning method where an embryo is split in half and each half develops into a unique animal

The two animals share the same genes.

25
What is somatic cell nuclear transfer?
A cloning method where DNA from a somatic cell is transferred into an egg cell with its nucleus removed ## Footnote The resulting embryo contains the same genes as the cell donor.
26
What is artificial gene synthesis?
A method used to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo ## Footnote It does not require template DNA.
27
What are the two main steps in artificial gene synthesis?
1. Solid-phase DNA synthesis 2. Connecting oligonucleotide fragments using DNA assembly methods
28
What is a digital signature?
An electronic, encrypted stamp of authentication on digital information ## Footnote It confirms the origin of information and ensures it has not been altered.
29
True or False: A digital signature is a type of electronic signature.
True
30
What is wearable technology?
Electronic devices that can be worn as accessories or embedded in clothing ## Footnote Examples include fitness trackers and smartwatches.
31
List three tasks accomplished by wearable devices.
* Location identification of a person * Sleep monitoring of a person * Assisting the hearing impaired person
32
What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
A biological process where RNA molecules suppress gene expression through double-stranded RNA ## Footnote RNAi is used in gene silencing therapies and cancer treatment.
33
What are the two types of small RNA molecules involved in RNAi?
* microRNA (miRNA) * small interfering RNA (siRNA)
34
What are gravitational waves?
Waves generated by accelerated masses that propagate as waves outward from their source ## Footnote Predicted by Einstein in 1916.
35
What event produces the strongest gravitational waves?
Colliding black holes and supernovae
36
What is the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT)?
A low-frequency radio telescope used to investigate radio astrophysical problems ## Footnote It is the world's largest radio telescope operating at meter wavelength.
37
What are multidrug-resistant organisms?
Bacteria that have become resistant to multiple antibiotics ## Footnote They can no longer be controlled or killed by these antibiotics.
38
What contributes to the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens?
* Incorrect doses of antibiotics * Use of antibiotics in livestock farming
39
What is the Cas9 protein used for?
Targeted gene editing as molecular scissors ## Footnote It cuts double-stranded DNA at specific locations.
40
Which statement is correct regarding Hepatitis B?
It is transmitted much like HIV.
41
Fill in the blank: Gene silencing refers to a mechanism by which cells shut down large sections of _______.
chromosomal DNA
42
What is a chronic disease?
A health condition that is persistent or long-lasting ## Footnote Examples include diabetes and arthritis.
43
How is Hepatitis B virus transmitted?
Much like HIV ## Footnote Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with blood, saliva, and other infectious body fluids.
44
Does Hepatitis B have a vaccine?
No, unlike Hepatitis C ## Footnote Hepatitis B does not have a vaccine, while Hepatitis C currently has no vaccine available.
45
How does the global infection rate of Hepatitis B and C compare to that of HIV?
Several times more ## Footnote The number of people infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses is significantly higher than those infected with HIV.
46
Do all individuals infected with Hepatitis B and C show symptoms immediately?
No ## Footnote Many infected individuals do not show symptoms for many years.
47
What is Hepatitis B?
An infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus ## Footnote It is contracted through contact with infected blood and bodily fluids.
48
How can Hepatitis B be contracted?
Through flat tired wounds, contact with blood, saliva, and sharing personal belongings ## Footnote Sharing razors or toothbrushes with an infected person can lead to infection.
49
What are common symptoms of Hepatitis B?
Abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice ## Footnote Symptoms typically appear one to six months after infection.
50
How is Hepatitis B diagnosed?
Through a common blood test ## Footnote Diagnosis is usually confirmed via blood tests.
51
How many doses are included in the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Three doses ## Footnote The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, with doses given at specific intervals.
52
What is Hepatitis C?
An infection caused by the Hepatitis C virus in the liver ## Footnote It can be transmitted through infected needles, body fluids, and from mother to child.
53
What are the main transmission routes for Hepatitis C?
Contaminated needles, body fluids, unprotected sex ## Footnote It is primarily passed through sharing needles or having unprotected sex with an infected person.
54
Does Hepatitis C spread through food or water?
No ## Footnote Hepatitis C is not transmitted through food or water.
55
What symptoms are associated with Hepatitis C?
Loss of appetite, tiredness, fever, yellowing of skin or eyes, joint pain, abdominal pain ## Footnote These symptoms may appear after six or seven weeks of exposure.
56
When were Denisovans first identified?
In 2010 ## Footnote Fossil evidence of Denisovans was discovered in a cave in Siberia.
57
What type of species are Denisovans?
An extinct species of hominid ## Footnote They are related to early humans.
58
Where was the first Denisovan fossil found outside Siberia?
Tibetan Plateau ## Footnote The jawbone found there is dated to more than 160,000 years ago.

PYQ Research S&T (11 decks)

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