PYQ Research S&T > S&T 2014 > Flashcards

S&T 2014 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following are some important pollutants released by the steel industry in India?

A

Oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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2
Q

What is steel primarily sourced from?

A

Iron ore

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3
Q

What constitutes about five percent of the Earth’s crust?

A

Iron

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4
Q

What are the main pollutants from the steel industry?

A

Particulate matter, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What is coke primarily produced from?

A

Coal

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6
Q

What is limestone chemically composed of?

A

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

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7
Q

What is the principal iron ore that contains Fe2O3?

A

Hematite

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8
Q

What is the National Steel Policy 2017’s goal for steel production capacity in India by 2030?

A

300 MT

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9
Q

What does ‘Green Steel’ refer to?

A

Manufacturing of steel without the use of fossil fuels

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10
Q

What is the process involved in photosynthesis?

A

Free energy is converted into potential energy and stored

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11
Q

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A

Souring of milk

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12
Q

What does vegetative propagation produce?

A

Clonal population

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13
Q

What is a key factor in natural vegetative propagation?

A

Development of adventitious roots

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14
Q

Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

What is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin A?

A

Night blindness

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16
Q

What is the role of fungi in ecosystems?

A

Decomposition of organic matter

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Lichens are a symbiotic association of _______.

A

Algae and fungi

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18
Q

True or False: Algae are in the kingdom Plantae.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the largest portion of iron-making by-products?

A

Slag

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20
Q

What process do lichens use to produce their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is the significance of low-carbon hydrogen in steel production?

A

Helps reduce the steel industry’s carbon footprint

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22
Q

Which of the following statements regarding vegetative propagation is correct?

A

1 and 3 only

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23
Q

What are deficiency diseases?

A

Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period

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24
Q

What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin A?

A

Night blindness

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25
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B1?
Beriberi
26
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B2?
Ariboflavinosis
27
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B3?
Pellagra
28
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B5?
Paresthesia
29
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin B6?
Anemia
30
What deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of Vitamin B7?
Dermatitis, enteritis
31
What deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of Vitamin B9 and B12?
Megaloblastic anemia
32
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin C?
Scurvy, Swelling of Gums
33
What deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of Vitamin D?
Rickets & Osteomalacia
34
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin E?
Less Fertility
35
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of Vitamin K?
Non-Clotting of Blood
36
Which techniques are used to create transgenic crops?
2 and 3 ## Footnote 2: Cytoplasmic male sterility, 3: Gene silencing
37
What are transgenic crops?
Crops that have their genomes modified through genetic engineering techniques
38
What is the difference between GMO and transgenic organisms?
A transgenic organism contains a DNA sequence from a different species
39
What are some concerns related to transgenic crops?
* Lack Nutritional Value * Risks to Ecosystems * Trigger Allergic Reactions * Endangered Animals
40
What is grafting?
The act of placing a portion of one plant into or on a stem, root, or branch of another
41
What is cytoplasmic male sterility?
Total or partial male sterility in plants due to nuclear and mitochondrial interactions
42
What is gene silencing?
A technique using RNA interference technology to suppress gene expression
43
Which organism does not belong to the class of the other three: Crab, Mite, Scorpion, Spider?
Crab
44
What are crustaceans?
Invertebrate animals of the subphylum Crustacea, mainly aquatic arthropods
45
What is a defining characteristic of crustaceans?
Jointed appendages adapted for various functions
46
What is the primary function of crustaceans in ecosystems?
They act as prey for larger animals and as scavengers
47
What is hibernation?
A state of minimal activity and metabolic depression in some animals during winter
48
Which animals exhibit hibernation?
Bats, Bears, Rodents
49
What is the primary cause of hibernation?
To conserve energy when sufficient food is not available
50
What is biofuel?
Any hydrocarbon fuel produced from organic matter in a short period
51
What are the main categories of biofuels?
* First Generation * Second Generation * Third Generation * Fourth Generation
52
What is the process for producing biodiesel?
Transesterification of fats or oils with short-chain alcohol
53
What is a major type of bioethanol?
Derived from corn and sugarcane using fermentation
54
Which disease has been eradicated in India?
Smallpox
55
What causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
56
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
57
What is hibernation?
A state where an endothermic animal decreases its metabolic rate and body temperature
58
How long can hibernation last?
Days, weeks, or months depending on species, ambient temperature, time of year, and individual body condition
59
What must animals do before entering hibernation?
Store enough energy to last through the dormant period
60
What is hyperphagia?
The condition where larger species eat a large amount of food to store energy in fat deposits before hibernation
61
Which processes add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on Earth?
Volcanic action, respiration, decay of organic matter
62
Which process does NOT add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis
63
What was the purpose of the Cassini-Huygens mission?
To study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites
64
What did the MESSENGER probe study?
Mercury’s chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field
65
What is the range of the Agni-IV missile?
Around 4,000 km
66
What is the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP)?
A program to enable India to attain self-sufficiency in missile technology
67
What are the five missiles developed under IGMDP?
* Prithvi * Agni (1,2,3,4,5) * Trishul * Nag * Akash
68
What is the main feature of photovoltaic technology?
Generates electricity by direct conversion of light into electricity
69
What is the difference between photovoltaics and solar thermal technology?
Photovoltaics generate electricity, while solar thermal generates heat for electricity generation
70
What are brominated flame retardants (BFRs) known for?
Reducing flammability of products and potential toxicity due to bioaccumulation
71
Why are nanoparticles of concern?
* They can accumulate in the environment * They can enter food chains * They can trigger the production of free radicals
72
What is cluster bean (Guar) traditionally used for?
As a vegetable or animal feed
73
What is the primary use of guar gum?
Used in the extraction of shale gas
74
What is coalbed methane?
An unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits
75
What is shale gas?
Natural gas extracted from fine-grained sedimentary rocks
76
Which biometric identification methods are used alongside fingerprint scanning?
* Iris scanning * Retinal scanning * Voice recognition
77
What is the main health concern regarding nanoparticles?
Their potential toxicity and ability to enter the bloodstream
78
Fill in the blank: The Agni-IV missile is a ______ missile.
surface-to-surface
79
True or False: India has a manufacturing base for both Solar Thermal and Photovoltaics.
True
80
What is biometric identification?
Determining the identity of a person by capturing biometric data.
81
List three common examples of biometric security.
* Voice Recognition * Fingerprint Scanning * Facial Recognition
82
What is iris scanning?
Using visible and near-infrared light to take a high-contrast photograph of a person’s iris.
83
True or False: Retinal scanning maps the unique patterns of a person’s fingerprint.
False
84
What distinguishes retinal scanning in biometric identification?
It maps the unique patterns of a person’s retina.
85
How does retinal scanning achieve high accuracy?
The blood vessels within the retina absorb light more readily than the surrounding tissue.
86
What is voice recognition?
A computer software program that decodes the human voice.
87
Fill in the blank: _______ is a form of biometric technology that uses light to photograph a person’s iris.
[Iris scanning]
88
What is the purpose of voice recognition technology?
To operate a device or perform commands.
89
Select the correct answer: Which biometric technologies are mentioned?
1, 2 and 3

PYQ Research S&T (11 decks)

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