S2 L1.1: Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Question 1

T/F: Hypertension always refer to high blood
pressure

Answer 1

False
Systemic arterial hypertension refers tp high blood pressure, most specifically to the pressure inside the artery.

Question 2

Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a major risk factor for __ __ __

Answer 2

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Question 3

Process by which we form and deposit cholesterol plaques in arterial walls

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis

Question 4

To measure the presence of coronary atherosclerosis, MD use methods for detecting coronary calcium because?

Answer 4

Atherosclerotic plaques become progressively calcified over time, and coronary calcification in general increases with age.

Question 5

T/F:Many patients with hypertension are NOT diagnosed

Answer 5

True.
A lot of individuals c HTN are asymptomatic (Feel nothing but BP can range from 150-200)

Question 6

T/F: Decreased BP remains a major contributor of CAD, CHF, CVD and ESRD

Answer 6

False
High or increased BP

Question 7

Process of kidney failure where it ends with dialysis/kidney transplant

Answer 7

End Stage Renal Disease

Question 8

T/F: High BP deccelerates atherogenesis and and increases the risk of cardiovascular events

Answer 8

False
High BP accelerated atherogenesis

Question 9

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Normal DBP, elevated SBP OR Normal SBP, elevated DBP

Answer 9

Associated with a lot of cardiovascular events

CVA (strokes, etc.), myocardial infarction, and heart failure/attacks

Question 10

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Elevated SBP (more elevated than DBP)

Answer 10

Develop strokes more than heart attacks

Question 11

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Elevated DBP

Answer 11

Pushes the patient more towards heart attacks or myocardial infarction

Question 12

Cardiovascular Events in SBP/DBP

Both elevated SBP & DBP

Answer 12

Lead to more CV events

Question 13

T/F:Hypertension occurs in association (not always alone) with other atherogenic factors including dyslipidema, glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity.

Answer 13

False
Glucose Intolerance

Question 14

Abnormal levels in lipid levels (high bad cholesterol, low good cholesterol, high triglycerides)

Answer 14

Dyslipidemia

Question 15

T/F: Htn and dyslipidemia frequently occur together and in association with resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Range from pre-diabetes to diabetes

Answer 16

Glucose Intolerance

Question 17

Atherogenic factor related to glucose intolerance

Answer 17

Hyperinsulinemia

Question 18

T/F: Association of hypertension with other risk factors is additive rather
than multiplicative

Answer 18

False.
Multiplicative rather
than additive

Question 19

Statement 1: CAD is approximately twice as prevalent in hypertensives as in normotensive person of same age
Statement 2: Presence of CAD in patients with SAH would be twice more when you compare them to those whom do not have hypertension

a. TF
b. FT
c. TT
d. FF

Answer 19

c. TT

Question 20

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Coronary arteriolar hypertrophy

Answer 20

Yes.
Hypertrophy of arteriolar vessels of the heart

Question 21

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Accelerated enlargement of epicardial arteries

Answer 21

No. (Accelerated Narrowing)

Epicardial arteries become narrow when Htn is present which is accelerated by increasing BP levels

Question 22

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Perivascular fibrosis

Answer 22

Yes
Htn promotes inflammation
Fibrosis is the end of inflammation

Question 23

Is this a factor that contribute to the increase risk of CHD (If yes why)?

Increased myocardial vascularity

Answer 23

No (Reduced)
Less food/blood circulating in heart d/t Htn

Question 24

This is the major arterial supply of the heart

Answer 24

Epicardial Arteries

Question 25

Comprised of left main coronary artery which bifurcates into left anterior descending and left anterior circumflex arteries

Answer 25

Left Circulation of Heart

Question 26

Comprised of right coronary artery

Answer 26

Right Circulation of Heart

Question 27

T/F: Weaker muscle, less blood supply = lesser risk of CAD d/t Htn

Answer 27

False Greater Risk

Question 28

# SBP OR DBP Pressure measured in brachial artery during systole

Answer 28

SBP

Question 29

# SBP OR DBP Ventricular filling and ventricular relaxation

Answer 29

DBP

Question 30

# SBP OR DBP Pressure measured in brachial artery during diastole

Answer 30

DBP

Question 31

# SBP OR DBP Ventricular emptying and ventricular contraction period

Answer 31

SBP

Question 32

# SBP OR DBP The 1st loudest sound when you release the cuff in BP taking is d/t?

Answer 32

Ventricular emptying

Question 33

When do you get the DBP when taking someone's blood pressure?

Answer 33

When the Korotkoff sound disappears

Question 34

When taking the patient's blood pressure, the last heard sound you heard was around 90 mmHg. What is the patient's estimated BP?

Answer 34

It should be 89, 85 or even 80 mmHg

Question 35

# Determinants of Arterial Pressure Product of cardiac output and the peripheral resistance

Answer 35

Aterial Pressure

Question 36

# Determinants of Arterial Pressure Product of the stroke volume and heart rate

Answer 36

Cardiac Output

Question 37

# Determinants of Arterial Pressure Amount of the blood each time the heart pumps

Answer 37

Stroke Volume

Question 38

Statement 1: The less amount of blood that the heart ejects, the higher would be the stroke volume is Statement 2: Higher heart rate = the BP would also be higher a. TF b. FT c. TT d. FF

Answer 38

b. FT The more amount of blood that the heart ejects, the higher would be the stroke volume is

Question 39

If you have more fluid in the blood going into the heart circulation → blood pressure could increase Which will result to?

Answer 39

Hypertension

Question 40

If less fluid/blood (dehydrated) = less venous return → stroke volume would be reduce → cardiac output would also be reduce = arterial pressure would go down Which leads to?

Answer 40

Hypotension

Question 41

If a patient has diarrhea, would you expect BP to go down?

Answer 41

Yes dehydrated or losing a lot of fluids

Question 42

What compensatory mechanism does the body do to compensate for a decrease in stroke volume to maintain a normal cardiac output?

Answer 42

Increase the heart rate

Question 43

When the blood vessels constrict to increase the pressure inside, there will be an increase in what?

Answer 43

Peripheral Resistance | Arterial pressure could also increase

Question 44

What are the parameters that would affect the compensation of the determinants of arterial pressure?

Answer 44

1. Effort to achieve homeostasis 2. Happens when the individual has normal physiologic functions

Question 45

"Average" pressure throughout the cardiac cycle against the walls of the proximal systemic arteries (aorta)

Answer 45

Mean Arterial Pressure

Question 46

In stroke patients, maintain MAP to preserve __ __

Answer 46

Ischemic penumbra

Question 47

# PSA-PHA GUIDELINES Normal BP values

Answer 47

<120/80

Question 48

# PSA-PHA GUIDELINES Borderline BP

Answer 48

120-138 / 80-89

Question 49

# PSA-PHA GUIDELINES Hypertension

Answer 49

≥140/90