schizophrenia p3

Question 1

What do family studies show about risk of developing schiz?

Answer 1

family studies have shown risk of schiz incrseaese in line with genetic similarity relative ot the disorder.

a large scale family study found that has an aunt with shciz has a 2% chnace at developing it,
and
9% if individual has sibling with it and
48% if an identical twin. which shows a positive correltion betweenthe two.

Question 2

define schiz?

Answer 2

is a serious mental disorder in which contact with reality is impaired. or distorted.

Question 3

how do we diagnose a disorder?

Answer 3

to do this we need to distingiush one disorder from another and identify a cluster of symptoms that occur togther and classify it itno one disorder.

Question 4

what is the DSM5 and what does it stand for// and how does it diagnose schiz?

Answer 4

diagnostic statistical manual and need one positive symptom of schiz to be present

Question 5

what is the ICD-10 and how does it diagnose schiz?

Answer 5

intenational classification of disease version 10 and diagnosis schiz when two or more negative symptoms are present.

Question 6

define what positive symptoms are? and give 2 examples?

Answer 6

positive symptoms are addtional experinces of ordinary life/exisistence.

hallucinations are unsual sensory experineces that are related to events in enviroment or dont at all such as seeing a face distorted ir hearing voices that criticism.

delusions: are irational beliefs about somehting or someone

Question 7

define what negative symptoms are and give examples 2?

Answer 7

negative symptoms of schiz involve a loss of usual abilities and everday life experineces and includes speech poverty and avolition.

speech poverty is lack of fluency or changing patterns of speech such as changing the topic mid sentence.

avolition: lack of motivation to do a daily task and can be classified into lack of hygiene or grooming lack of persistence in work or lack of energy.

Question 8

Why is one strength of schiz good reliablty?

Answer 8

this is becase relaibty means consistency and a diagnosis is sadi to be reliable when different diagnosing clinicians reach the same diagnosis on two different occsions (test rest reliability)

and iter rate relialbilty is when different clinicains diagnose same individual fro same diagnosis

prior to the the DSM5 there was a low reliability of schiz , but now has improved as the reliability for diagnosis for schiz in 180 indivuals using dsm5 reached 9.7+for inter rater and 9.2+ fro test retest reliability.

so this is a stregnth because we can be sure that diagnosis of schic can be consistently applied.

Question 9

why is low validity a - for diagnosis of shciz?

Answer 9

this is becassue diganosis fro schiz is low validity.
one way of assessing validity is crietrion validity and a researcher had 2 psychiatrists independantly assess same 100 clients using ICD10 and DSM5 and found 68 diagnosed with schiz under IDC10 and only 39 with DSM-5.

suggestng that schiz maybe be over or under diagnosed and criterion of validity is low and cannot accurateky diagnose schiz.

Question 10

What is a conterpoint for ow validity of schiz diagnosis?

Answer 10

However in the study above it was reported that there was a excellent agreement betwen psychiatrists when they used 2 measures diagnose shciz derived from DSM. meaning that criterion validity is good when a single diagnostic system is used.

Question 11

why is symptoms overlap a - of diagnosing schiz?

Answer 11

this is because they can overlap with other condtions such as bipolar disorder.
an example is that both disorders involve positive symptoms and negative syptoms.
and in terms of classification is maybe that they are two different disorders but variation of a single conditon and hard to distinguish schiz from bipolar disorder..

this is a limitation because symptoms overalp eans that shciz may not exist as single condition even if it hard to diagnose. so both classification and diagnosis is flawed.

Question 12

why is gender bias a limitation for diagnosiing schz?

Answer 12

one limitation of schiz diagnosis is gender bias. this iarises fro the fact that since the 1980 men have been diagnosed with schiz than women. This maybe due to women being less vulanrable than men maybe becasue of genetic factors. But cotton et al showed that women are nderdiagnosed becasue they have closer relatioships so get support leading to women functioning better than men but still doesnt get detected..

therfore this is a - because underdiagnosis means that women may not recive treatment and services that help them more.

Question 13

What are candidate genes?

Answer 13

a number of faulty genes involve in the risk of dveelping schiz.

Question 14

How are candidate genes linked with schiz?

Answer 14

A number of genes are invloved so schiz is polygenic and are the genes that code for neurotransmitter code for dopamine

Question 15

what did one study find about genomes and schiz?

Answer 15

in a large study a researcher combined large studies from wide genome studies and looked at whole human genome opposed to particular genes and found 108 seperate genetic variations were associated with isk of schiz.

this was found when 37000 genome of people with schiz was compared to 113000 controls

Question 16

what is /describe the role of mutation?

Answer 16

schiz can have a genetic origin in absence of a famiy histroy of dirsorder through mutations,
and cn be due to chnages in DNA parental from a virus poisin or infection.

evdidince come from positve correlations from paternal age and incrseased of sperm mutation.
0.7% fro father under 25 and 2% fro over 50.

Question 17

what affect does dopamin have on brain/ its role and on neurons?

Answer 17

has excitatory effect on brain and asscoaited with levels of pleasure

Question 18

Describe what the orginal DA hypotheiss states?

Answer 18

oG hypothesis is based on drugs that used to treat schiz /antipsychotics caused symptoms similiar to parkinsons disease associated with low dopamine levels

so schiz maybe caused by high level of dopamine in subcortical areas of the brain.

Question 19

what is an example of the OG dopamine hyptheis?

Answer 19

Excess of DA receptors in pathways subcortex to brocas area can be repsosible for speech poverty or auditry hallucinations.

Question 20

What does the updates version of DA hyopthsi explain shcz?

Answer 20

Abnormally low level of DA in the brain cortex especially in prefrontal cortex. respsonible for thinking could explain cognitve problems such as speech poverty.

Question 21

Why does the new hypothis sifr schiz show that high and low levels of DA cause schiz?

Answer 21

because low levels in cortcial area can lead to high level in subcortical areas

so both high and low levels of DA an cause schiz.

Question 22

how can this new hypothesis be applied in explaining schiz on agenetic basis?

Answer 22

because both early experiences and gentic varations can make people more sensitive to cortical low DA and hence high DA in subcortex.

Question 23

What is one strength for evidince for dopamine?

Answer 23

one + is that there is support that DA is involved in schiz.
This is becasue amphetimines increase DA and worsen sytpoms in people without schizprenia.
also anipsychtic drugs reduce DA activity and can also reduce severty of symptoms. and some candidate genes can act on prodcution of DA receptors.

Question 24

Why is role of glutamate a - for bio exp for schiz?

Answer 24

becasue there is a central role of gltamate in schiz.
eveidince come from post mortem and live scanning techniques that hsow raised levels of NTRA glutamtae in several region of the brain with schiz.

and several candidate genes for schiz are thogh to be involved in glutamate productoion.

suggessting that glutamate plays a role as a NTRA fro schiz.

Question 25

What research support is there for genetc basis for schz?

Answer 25

One + s that there is sresearch support. family studies show that risk increases in lne with genetic similarity to a family member with schiz. and adoption studies shows biological children of parents with schiz have a heightened risk if they grow up in adoptive family. also theres is evidence tp show that schiz is genetic because concordance rate fro 33% fro identical twins and 7% for no identical twins. showing hat people are vulnerable to schiz because of their genetic make up.

Question 26

Why is enviromental factors a - for genetib basis of schiz?

Answer 26

one - is that there are environmental factors can also increase the risk of schiz, which are biological and psychological factors. an example of biological factors can include childbirth complications and smoking cannabis in teenage years. psych factors can include childhood trauma s which leaves more people vulnerable to mental health issues later on in life. this was evident in a study showing 67% of people with schiz and related psychotic disorders reported at least one childhood trauma compared to 38% group with no mental health issues.. this means that genetic factors aren't the only one that account for development of schiz.

Question 27

What does the dyfucntional family explantion include?

Answer 27

Schiz mother, double bond and negative expressed emotion

Question 28

desribe the schizophrenogenic mother theory and how as it found?

Answer 28

this is a psychdynamic explantion for schizophrenia and comes from accounts to listeting to patimets that described their mother who was schizphrenogenic that caused schiz but didnt have schiz herself

Question 29

what are charactertics of schiz mother? what does this lead to?

Answer 29

cold rejecting and controlling leading ot feelngs if misturst secrecy and tension in family household.

Question 30

what do the charcaterics of s schizpeprhengocni mother lead to ?

Answer 30

distrust that later develops into paranoid delusions and then schiz.

Question 31

Describe the double bind theory?

Answer 31

this when a child experiencxes conflicting mesages or feelgns from their parents or mother such as one minute feeling loved but the other feeling they are doing somehting wrong and are the cause of it and cant seek clarification. and when they get it wrong o dont undertand they are punished with a withdrawal of love leavinf them feeeling that the world is a confusing and dangerous place wich can lead to delusions or disorganised thinking.

Question 32

what is negative expressed emotion and describe how it links to schiz?

Answer 32

negative expressed emotion is when the communication style in the family is negative and can contain verbal crtisism , hostility towards the person with schiz

Question 33

how can it develop into schiz?

Answer 33

becasue ot acts as serious source of stress for them, and can also trigger onset of schi if vulnerable, due to their gentic make up

Question 34

what does dysfuntional thining involve?

Answer 34

is though proessing that is dyfucntional or disorganised and doesnt reflect reality and leads to undesirable response.

Question 35

where is reduced thought porcessing invlved in the brain?

Answer 35

in ventrial striatum assocaited with negatuve syptoms whilst reduced processing in temporal gyri for hallucinations.

Question 36

what are two kinds of dysfunctional thoght processes and describe the first one?

Answer 36

metarepresnetation dyfunction and central control dysfucntion mtrreesentation is the ability to refelect on our own thoughts and behaviour which allows us to see our intentions and goals and distinguish what we have done and what we think we are going to do. so when this is distrupted we loose our resposnbitlty to recognise our own actions and thughts being carried out by someone else rather than ourselves. this could explsin the hallucinations and delusions

Question 37

What is central control dysfunction?

Answer 37

central control fucntion is our abiloty to control/supress automatic resposnes while when we perform a deliberate action. this can explaine speech poverty and inablity to suprress auatomaiic thoughts such as a trigger of thoughts during mid converstion but cannot supress automatci response to these.

Question 38

Why is research support a + for family dysfunction schiz?

Answer 38

Becaus etere is evidinece that links faily dysfunction to schiz. this is because on of indicators of a dysfunctional family is insecure attachment. edvidimce from a researcher shows that adults are more dispropotionaletyl likely to have a insecure attachment and schiz. he had also reported that 69% of womena and 59% of men reported at least one incidence of schiz. suggesting that family dysfunction makes people more vulnerable to schizophrenia.

Question 39

Why is lack of explanation support a - for family dysfunction theory?

Answer 39

This is because there are poor evidence for any of these explanations. although some research shows to support child hood family based stressed associated with schiz there is non for schizophrenogenic mother and double bind, and these there's are only based on a clinical observation of people with schiz and informal assessment of mother personalities. meaning that family explanation cannot account for link between childhood trauma and schiz.

Question 40

What does rseaerc support for congitbve explantion show?

Answer 40

one + of cognitve explantions is evidinece for dysfunctiona htough processing. This is because this was seen evidient in cognitve tasks in 30 people with schz and a control gorup without schiz. An example of this task is teh STROOP TASK which pS had to name the colours of the words suppressing the tendecndy to read the words aloud. it was found that people took longer twice on average to name the font colurs compared to the control group. meaning cognitve process withing people with schiz is impaired.

Question 41

Why is a proximal explantion fo cogntive explanation for schiz a -?

Answer 41

because it only proved an explanation of proximal orgin of symptoms. this is because they only explain what is happening now to produce symptoms, compared to distal explantion which focus on what has initially caused the symptoms , which makes it unclear about how childhood trauma or abuse is linked with problems such as metraprestantion or central control, meaning cognitive theoris can onl porive a partal explantion for schiz.

Question 42

what are antipsychotics?

Answer 42

dugs used to treat schiz or intesnity of symptoms of psychosis disorders.

Question 43

what is an example of a typical antipsychotic?

Answer 43

one example is chloropromazine which can be taken as syrup injection or tablets at 400 to 800mg.

Question 44

what are typical antipsychotics and what hypo are they based on?

Answer 44

typical antispsychotics are based on the OG DA hypothesis s they act as dopamine antagonists as they block the receptors in synapses of brain which reduces the action of the neurotransmitter. reducing symptoms like hallucinaions

Question 45

how do typical anitpsychotics work? and help reduce symptoms of schiz?

Answer 45

typical antispsychotics work by binding to dopamine receptors in the brain and so are blocked reducig the action of dopamine. when a person take the chloropromazine the dopamine levels build up but are reduced -so it normalizes neurotransmission in the brain.

Question 46

why are typical antipsychotis described as having a sedative effect?

Answer 46

because it could be related to having a effect on histamine receptors too, so it calms the indivual with the symptoms syrup is abosrobed better so given more at first time to calm them down quickly.

Question 47

what are Atypical antipscyhotics?

Answer 47

Atypical antispsychotics are based on the newer DA hypothesis which states that both hih and low levels of dopamine in different areas of the brain can produce schiz, often bidning to serotonin and glutamate receptors

Question 48

what are two exampls of atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 48

clozapine and risperidone

Question 49

what does clozapine work on and bind to?

Answer 49

clozapine also binds to dopamine recpetors but also to seratonin and glutamate receptors. this helps in reducing depression and anxiety in patients so it can improve cognitive funtioniing and is usually also given to patients who have a high risk of suicide so need to be stopped or prevented immadeiatly.

Question 50

How is risperidone taken and the dosage and why?

Answer 50

is a more recent type of antipsychotic and has more serious side effect because it has a more stronger effect as it binds to seratonin and dopamine receptors but to DA recpetors more strongly. so smaller doses are given at 12mg max and has a more stronger effect but more effective.

Question 51

where does evidience for the effectivness of drugs come from?

Answer 51

one + is that there is evidience that shows its effectivness for both typical and atypical antispcyhotics. This is evideint in a rsearcher who reviewed studies comparing effect of chloropramizine to other control conditions. An example of this is data from 13 trials with 1000 patiets showed that chloropromazine is assoiated with better funtioning and reduction in symptoms severity compared to a placebo group. AND for ATYPICAL antipsychotics , clozapine was found to be more effective than typical antipsyhcotics and effectivness of 30/50% of treatment resistant cases where typical antipsychotics have shown to be failed. showing that these dfrugs are effective.

Question 52

why is serious side effect of antipsychotis?

Answer 52

one - if these drugs are side effects this is becasue in typical antipsychtics they range from dizziness.sleepiness or itchy skin. but long term effect can be tardive dyskinasia which is caused by dopamine supersensitivty and results in involnatry facial movements suchas grimacing or blinking. and for both anitpsychotics the most serious side effects is NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT syndrome which is casued by the drug when blocking dopamine action in the hypothalamus. which can be dangeriou s becasue this is a vital gland which controls/rgultes body temp and heart rate which can be fatal. therefore this is a limitation because it can do harm as well as good to patients which may cuase them to avoid such treatments making them ineffective.

Question 53

why is the mechanism unclear a limitation?

Answer 53

a fiuther limitation of antispychotics is that whe do not know why they work. this is because our undertnading of how they work comes form the OG dopamine hypothesis meaning that symptos of schiz are caused by high levels of DA in the subcortex of the brain. But now the newer hypothesis is that both high and low evels of DA in the brain can cuase symptoms of schiz due to imbalmace of DA in some areas of the brain where it shoudnt be, if ths is true then anti psychotics shouldn't work, which make their treatment ineffective. meaning that they may not be the best treatment to opt for, as their mechanism is not yet clearly undertsood.

Question 54

what is CBT?

Answer 54

CBT is a type of talking therapy that involves challenging the irratinoal belief/thoughts or negative behaviour that the shciz patient may have.

Question 55

How does CBT help the shciz patient?

Answer 55

Cbt helps the schiz patient by making sense of their irrational cognition such as delusiions and their imapct on their behaviour. such as making them understand that their hallucinations come from damaged part of their brain.

Question 56

name an example of thsi?

Answer 56

such as a patient having hallucinations that may present demonic forces they will be afraid but if a theprist can convinve them that this comes from a malfuntioning speech centre and wont hurt them if they ignore it they it can make it them to cope with them helping them distress and cope adequeltly.

Question 57

how can delusions be tested in CBT?

Answer 57

thorugh a process called reality testing when both patient and therapist asses the likelihood of a event actually happening and can still be used if the delusions are resistant to CBT to help relive anxiety.

Question 58

what is one strength for CBT and its effectiveness?

Answer 58

Point: One strength of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for treating schizophrenia is the strong evidence supporting its effectiveness. Evidence: Sameer Jauhar et al. (2014) conducted a review of 34 studies on CBT for schizophrenia, concluding that there is clear evidence of small but significant effects on both positive and negative symptoms. Additionally, Maria Pontillo et al. (2016) found reductions in the frequency and severity of auditory hallucinations, further supporting the benefits of CBT. Clinical guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2019) also recommend CBT for schizophrenia. Explanation: These findings demonstrate that both research studies and clinical advice consistently highlight CBT as an effective treatment for managing symptoms of schizophrenia. This strengthens the case for CBT as a reliable therapeutic approach. Link: While the effectiveness of CBT for schizophrenia is well-supported, it is important to note some limitations of the therapy, which are discussed below.

Question 59

what is family therapy and what does it involve?

Answer 59

is pscyh therapy that involves the meber of the family of the schiz patient.

Question 60

what is the aim of family therapy accoridng to the psych exp of schiz?

Answer 60

imprive quality of communication and interaction between family members.

Question 61

What are the two ways of family therapy happening?

Answer 61

reduces negative expressed emotions such as anger and guilt which can create a stressful climate for the patient. to prevent relapse of shciz. improve the communication style between members. IMPROVES FAMILIES ABILTY OT HELP this helps the families belife about the schiz patient and behaviour toward the patient. this also ensures the family members achieve a balance between carinf for schixz patient and mainatain their own lives.

Question 62

why is + family therapy effective?

Answer 62

one + is evidince for its effectivness. this is becasue a reseacrher mc farlane foud that family therapy are the most effective treatments availabe fro schiz as the relapse rates had reduced by 50/60%. He also found that it was very effective when mental health begins to decline. Clinical evidince from NICE also recoomneds family therapy for treatment of shciz. therfore its is a+ beause it is leikly to benefit those with both esrly and full blown shciz.

Question 63

What is another strength of family therpy?

Answer 63

one + is that it can benefit the whole family. this is because its not just for the identifies patinet but alos for the family member that provide most of the care. Researchers idenftifies this is helpful because strenghtens the whole family, and hep support the pait with shciz reducing the liklehood of a relapse rate. meaning that it help the whole family aswell as the idetifies patient.

Question 64

why is laack of quality of evdince a - for CBT?

Answer 64

Point: A limitation of CBT for schizophrenia is the wide variety of techniques and symptoms involved, which makes evaluating its effectiveness challenging. Evidence: Neil Thomas (2015) argues that different studies use various CBT techniques, often targeting different combinations of positive and negative symptoms. This diversity in treatment approaches complicates the evaluation of CBT’s overall effectiveness. Explanation: The range of techniques and symptoms included in studies means that the modest benefits observed in some cases may not be representative of CBT’s impact on all individuals with schizophrenia. This variation suggests that the effects of CBT may differ significantly between patients. Link: Therefore, while CBT has shown effectiveness for many, its application is not universally predictable, and its benefits may vary depending on the specific techniques used and the individual’s symptoms.

Question 65

What are token economies?

Answer 65

are a reward system based off operant conditining and manage the behaviour of people with schizophrenia in institions

Question 66

What s the rationale for token econmies?

Answer 66

they are used in institions as when people adopt bad behvaiours they develop bad habits such as lack of hygeine or stop socialising with others.

Question 67

What are three categories of institional behaviour may the token economy tackles?

Answer 67

personal care,social behaviour and condition related behaviours.

Question 68

What are the 2 main mjaor benefits of using token ecomny to improve these behaviours?

Answer 68

improves persons quality of life withing a hosptial setting and normalising behaviour to make it easier to live in a hospital to adapt to the life and community such as getting up in the moring and making their bed.

Question 69

What is involved in a token economy?

Answer 69

tokens are given such as coloured discs to carry out a desirable behavior and for each person their target behaviours are decided on a individual basis to idenftiy the most appropriate target behaviours to tackle.

Question 70

Does the token istelf have any value and whatis it swapped for?

Answer 70

no token has no value themselves but are later swapped later fro rewrad as soon as to make it more effective - they can be swapped fro sweets magazines or a walk outisde

Question 71

Describe and explain the therotical understanding of token economies?

Answer 71

token ecomnies are based on operant condtioning. this is becasue tokens acts as the secondary reinforcers as they only have value when the person receives them AFTER they have learned that they can obtain rewards such as sweets. these meaningful reinforcers, the sweets, acts as a primary reinforcers. these tokens can be exchanged fro a range of different primary reinforces and the more meaningful and memorable the primary reinforcer the more powerful the secondary reinforcer is.

Question 72

What is one strength for token ecomnies for its effectiveness?

Answer 72

this is because there it evidence to support its effectiveness. this comes from a rseaecrher who identified 7 high quality studies published between 8 years and found that the effectivness of token econmies with people chronic mental health issues showed a a reduction in negative symptoms and a decline in the frequency of unwanted behaviours.. this shows that token econmies can work in real world.

Question 73

What is a counter points for the evidnce fro token econmoy effectivness?

Answer 73

However seven studies is a small evidinece base to support the effectivness of this technique. And there also could be an issue of file drawer problem, where there is a bias towards positive findings because undesirable results have been filed away. This only occurs when reviewing samller studies tho. so this still leaves a question of whether token econmies are effective for management of schiz or not.

Question 74

Why is ethical issues a - for token economies?

Answer 74

one - is that it has raised ethical issues. .This arises because it gives proffesionals the power to control the behaviour of people, and could impose norms onto others which is a problem if a target behaviour is not specified sensitively. for example someone who gets up late may have these personal freedoms contrsicted. Or resistircting the availabity of pleasures means that in serously ill who are already experinecing distressing symtpoms could have even a worse time. this means that the benefit token economies could be outwieghned by their impact on personal freedom and reduction in quality of life.

Question 75

Why is alternative approaches a - for management of schiz?

Answer 75

because there are more pleasant alternatives. while token economies can be helpful they raise ethial issues which other forms of therapies dont have such as art therapy. A researcher found that art therapy maybe a good alternative, as evedince has shown some methodological limitations but overall has a high low risk approach and has also been reccommended by NICE as a treatment for schiz. therefore this is - of token economies as there could be other alternative that could be better and pose less ethical issues to patients.

Question 76

What is the interactionist approach?

Answer 76

Is a way of explaining development of behaviour through a range of factors such as biological and psychological ones that interact with one another.

Question 77

How can the definition of the interactionist approach be applied to schiz?

Answer 77

because bio and psyc facots can play a role in developemnt of schiz such as neurochemistry, genetic vulnerability and psych factors can include stress traumatic life events. This has lead to the diathesis stress model.

Question 78

Describe/outline the diathesis stress model in relation to schiz?

Answer 78

Diathesis is the genetic vulnrabilty and stress is a negative experience. both are needed to trigger a disorder.

Question 79

What is Meehls model of diathesis stress model?

Answer 79

In meehls model he stated that schiz was entirely genetic in that the person had to have a schizogene that lead to them becoming more prone to stress. so if the person doesnt have the genetic vulnerabilty then no amount of stress can trigger the disorder. even in carriers of the gene can develop the disorder.

Question 80

Explain the modern understanding of diathesis in schiz?

Answer 80

Many genes appear to increase the gentic vulnerabilty of schiz and there is no one single schizogene. Modern factors can also include a range of factors that are beyond genetic such as psychological trauma- so trauma becomes the diathesis rather than the stressor.

Question 81

What has READ et al developed in explaining the understanding of diathesis?

Answer 81

Early trauma alters development in the brain, such as child abuse can affect brain developemt hugely for example HPA system- hypothalamic pitutary adrenal system can become overactuve and make a person more vulnerable to stress.

Question 82

Explain the modern understanding of stress in diathesis stresss model in shciz?

Answer 82

In original model stress is seen as psychologicla in nature but moders understanding is anything that risks the triggering of schiz.

Question 83

What is one example of a moder stressor in diathesis stress model of schiz?

Answer 83

CANNABIS use. this acts as a stressor because it increases risk of schiz upto 7 times according to doses.

Question 84

WhY IS cannabis seen as a stressor?

Answer 84

because it interferes with the dopamine system- but some people dont develop schiz becasue they lack the vulnreability factors.

Question 85

How does the interactionist model them seek to treat schiz?

Answer 85

thorugh use of combining antipsychotic medication and psych therapies such as CBT. it requires adopting the interactionist model as treating someone with schiz using the biological model and tell people that their condition is completely biological and treat them with CBBT will not be effective.

Question 86

How is schiz treated in UK?

Answer 86

combo of psychotics and CBT

Question 87

What is one = for supporiting vulnerabilty and triggers?

Answer 87

One + i sthat there is evidince to support the role of trigger and vulnerabilty. This comes from a researcher who investigated the impact of genetic vulnerabilty and dysfuntional parenting. The study has shown that 19000 finnish children whose bio mothers had been diagnosed for schiz were compared to a control group of adoptees with a family history of no schiz. The adoptees found that when thier child rearing style consisted of critiscm, hostility and low levels of empathy they were associated with development of schiz only - in to the high risk group. (meaning that the adoptess parents shows signs of psych factors but didnt develop schiz whereas the high risk group with both genetic vulerbality and stressors lead to high risk of developing schz) This shows that a combo of genetic vulnerabilty and family stress can lead to schiz.

Question 88

What is one - of interactionsit approach and diathesis stress model?

Answer 88

One - is that the OG model is too simplistic and are actually complex in real life. This is because the Og model portrays diathesis as a single schizogene and shows stress as schizogeneic parenting. However multiple genes can can cause schiz and stress can come in many forms such as research that shows that childhood sexual abuse can have a major influence of underlying vulnerablity to schiz aswell as cannabis as a major trigger, suggesting that there are multiple factors both bio and psych can affect diathesis and stress.

Question 89

what is another strength of the interactionist apporach?

Answer 89

Combo of psych and bio treatment This is because undertanding bio and psych factos in development of schzi has screated the use of combining drug treatment and psych therapies. evidience comes from studiescombining treatments to asses their effectivness and randomly allocated 315 PS to group 1 medication and CBT group 2 medication and counselling and a control ggroup with meds only. and found PS in comboination groups showed lower symptms follwoing trial than meds only group...showing clear advantage to adopting intercationist appraoch to schiz and better treatment options.