pysch p3 aggression Flashcards

Question

How does sexual jelousy cause aggression and why?

Answer 1

becasue it means if a man has to raise someone elses offspring then they waste their materials and resources on them, contributing to the rivals genes and make them better adapted for survival than themselesv and their own family.

Answer 2

strategies to keep their partners from straying to other males.

Answer 3

direct guarding of behaviour, keeping tabs on their wifes phone or staying with them when out. negative inducemnts of threat such as ill harm myself if you leave me

Answer 4

A rsearcher asked women to report bout mate retention startgeies in their partners and women whp agreed with such statement such as he insists on knowing who you are with at all times- experinced more physical violence - supporting that fact that mate renttion strategies are linked to physical violence.

Answer 5

that bullying occrus due to a imbalance of power so a more powerful person uses aggression deliberatly against a weaker person. and ancestors have used it as a adaptive strategy to increase their chnaces of surval and reproduction

Answer 6

bullying in males is due to charcatericts that are seen as attractive by a woman such as dominance strength and attaiing resources, so it can ward of rivals this is then seen as naturally selected because male have a greater reproductive success for women once aquiring all materials and being tough if benefits the bullys health and they gain a reputation and dont suffer from bullying themselves.

Answer 7

females involved in bullygin mainly becasue they want to control their partner so they contune to provide resources for them and their offspring ,increases reproductive success.

Answer 8

One + of the EVO exp of aggression is that ot can explaine the differences in uses of aggression between females and males. this is becauseit can be due to socialisation but can be explained in terms of adaptive strategies. An example comes from a rsearcher who explained why women tend to be less physical and more verbally abusive as this would put their own survival at risk and her child at risk, and verbally abusive to reatin their partner, therfore it can provide support for EVO exp.

Answer 9

one + for evo exp is that it can be used in real world aplication to reduce bullying. This is becasue the evo exp assumes that the person who bullies other are because of their deficiences and wanting to be at a high status. This can then be applied in a school where they are given responsibilities as an alternative source of status, and promot pro social alternative instead. therefore this is a strength for EVo exp because it can applied ot reducing bullying in a real world contxt.

Answer 10

one limiation of Evo exp i sthat it cant explain cultural differences. this is because in some cultures agression appears to be looked down upon and not so adaptuve. .For example the people of african botwana were seen to be harmless as a anthropolgist studies them and found that aggressive behaviour was discrouarged from childhood with both bys and girls and those who do use it to have a status in their community are diminished, so it shows cultural norms and values contrain aggressive behaviour. therfroe aggression may not be seen as a dapive strategy for all cultursand and people.

Answer 11

yes frustation always lead to aggression and aggression always the result of agression experinced frustartion when our attempts to reach a gola are blocked by an exterbal factor, creating a aggressive drive and act violent/aggressively

Answer 12

called catharsis and root froma psychdynmaic explantion becasue it helps take out frustation on another object and frustation is satisfied

Answer 13

abstract cause, too powerful so we fear punishment or unavaible at the time, so aggression is placed on soehting weaker avaiblable and non abstarct.

Answer 14

that even if we become angry we might not bevae aggressively but frustation creates a readiness for aggression and enviromental cues make us act upon it more likely.

Answer 15

showed how ps who had a gun infront of them gave higer fake electric shock to the confederate when all provoked shwoig that presenec of envromentl cues stimluates aggression

Answer 16

because the link is complex. This is because in research shown that frustration doesnt always lead to aggression and aggression can occur without frustration. For example somone who feels frustarted may behave in a range of ways, such as being determined or helpless rather than being aggressive and someone who is aggressive might do it for many reasons. therefore this is a limitation because the hypotheisis states that agression arises in some situations but not in others.

Answer 17

irseaech shows that agressino may not be cathartic.. a rsearcher who found Ps that vented their anger by repeatdky hitting a punching bag ebcame more aggressive compared to doing it less

Answer 18

aggressive behaviour can be indirectly linked to antisocial behaviour and being aggressive.

Answer 19

measured tv viewing hours of 1000 new zealnders upto the age of 26 found the time spent watching Tv childhood was predictor of aggression in early adulthood linked with reduced social interactions and poorer educational attainment, so behave more aggressively.

Answer 20

veiwing violent media content has most significant media influence on behaviour. Bandura followed up on his research by replicating it but by children watching a bobo doll being beaten by an adult on SCREEN.-- outcome was similiar and children tended to imitate the model, so social learning processes can also work through media and face to face.

Answer 21

because players take a more active role than just passively watching the screen as they play player experiences direct rewarding positve reinforment and operant condtioning

Answer 22

Ps delivered white blasts of noice at chosen volumes to punish a non existent opponent. students qho played violent games for ten minutes selected significantly higher volumes of white noise than students who played a non violent golfing game.

Answer 23

can explain research findings through SLT. This is because a researcher has descibed the SLT as a convincing theoritial framwork as widely accpeted exposure to violence at home is harmful to children so it makes sense that video games are sources of SLT, so are more likely to imitate aggressive behaviours when rewarded or when children identify with role models on screens. therefoe this is a + as having an explantion for the findings enhances the validity of the research

Answer 24

this is becasue aggression can be defined in various ways., for example the DV of violent behaviour in volume of white noise blasted . but violence isnt aggression and not all aggression is violence., and so the ffet of the stidy depends on how aggression is define. so findings of studies are hard to compare to lack generalisibility.

Answer 25

meta analysis can help overcome the problem. as a researcher did a comprehnesive MA of 136 studies defining aggression in different ways ,behviour thiughts or feelings. and found that exposure to violent computer games all gave increased outcomes of aggression for both men and women. therefore MA that include different definitions of aggression are a valid method for discovering effects of media on aggression

Answer 26

in SLT learning of a behaviour aggression can be learned directly through positive reinformnent negative reinforment and punishment--

Answer 27

When a child snatches atoy of another it makes it rewarding so it will be more liekly that the aggressive behaviour will be more likely to repeated in a similiar situation., However learning can also be indirect aswell as direct

Answer 28

observational learning and viacrious reinformemtn

Answer 29

learn through observing theri role models such as their sibling parents or friends in media.

Answer 30

to observee the consequences of that behaviour and if it is rewarded or punished to learn that this is what the childwill get what they want. VICARIOUS REINFORMEnt

Answer 31

attention to pay attaention to models behaviour retention obersver needs to remeber the models actions reproduction obervser must be able to carry out the physical action. motivation observe needs a reason to imitate the behvaiour which is where the consequences of the behaviour need to be remembered.

Answer 32

is the extent to which we belive our actions will help us achived a desired goal., and a childs confideince in their ability to be ggressive will increase if if brings rewards. such as child grabbing a toy out of usig agressive behaviour, then they will learn that this will give them a posituve outcome and each time they use this technique the more confideint they will be become more and more aggressive.

Answer 33

childrn vieweda adult /model hit a bobo doll agressively kicking or punching. the children were then told to not play with attractive toys in another room including the bobo doll. without being told to do so they imiatted the behaviour to that what they observd.

Answer 34

one +is that research supporting ithe explantion of aggression of SLT. evdience comes from researcher who found boys aged 9 to 12 form freindships with other aggressive boys and mutually reinforced eachothers aggresive behaviour through modelling. for example they would observe each other using aggression against other to get what they wanted providing reinforment and also gained reinfoemnt from the rewarding approval from the rest of their gang. therefore SLT proceses have shown that predictiosn made by slt i aggression can be seen.

Answer 35

because it can help reduce aggression.. This is because children will imitate the behviour of another when they see it is rewarded espcially whent they identify with them. This can also be applied to modelling NON AGRESISVE BEHAVIOUR so it can produce non aggressive behaviour. For example encpruaging cildren to form friendships with children rewarded for non aggressive behaviour can help them imiate those non aggresive behaviours. therfore it can be used to reduce the development of non aggressive behaviour in chidlren

Answer 36

one - is that it underestimates the bioloigcal factor and its infelunce on aggression.. This is becasue alhtogh bandura recognised that the urger to be aggresive is in nature- but is shaped and reifnorced or encourage by nurture our enrviment. But other studies in hormonal neural and evoltionary powerful influnces on aggression which SLT cannot explain.- therfor ehtis is an incomplete explantion as it underplays the role of thse biological factors.

Answer 37

through imporatation model that suggests its the prisoner that bring in their aggression from the outside.

Answer 38

prison inmates come from th outside world and bring their subculture type of cimrinalty in with them into the prison

Answer 39

their belifs norms and attitudes and other perosal characterstcs such as ehtincity bring in thier subcultural norms with them.

Answer 40

based on nurture and inherited temperemant teir nature , and the willingnes to use violence in the prison is used to fight other before getting into prison to attain power status and access to resources.

Answer 41

young offenders in californina had negative backgrounds and imprted these characteristcs into the prison negatively background inmates were more lieklt o tnegnage in sexual isodncut and acts of physical aggression.

Answer 42

through deprivation model, with the harshc donditions being ore stressed oiut or frustarted.

Answer 43

that its the prisons envrioemnt itself harsh prison conctions become stressfull for inmates and to cope they resort to aggresive behaviour, and can be deprived of freedom sexual inimatcy and goods.

Answer 44

competition for resoruces amongs other inmates.

Answer 45

is locks up are used to control behaviour they feel frustration they then feel no joy in doing other activities and thn get punsihed casuing more violence.

Answer 46

in 500 US prisons there was more hogher proportion of inmate on inmate violnce that were caused by overcrwoding staff who were women and cramped spaces.

Answer 47

becasue rsearcher studies 560 male inmates with simiiar criminal histories and predisposition so to agression. half were radomly placed in a high secuirty prison and half in a low secirty prison and found there was littl differencein level of aggression and misconduct between 33% ad 36% which found that features of a prison are less important factors ot aggression than charcteristc of inmates. therefore this is a strenght as it shows that due to rabdom allocation of imnates the aggressive behavour was still the same, in different prisons.

Answer 48

one - is that it ignore key factors suh as the way the prison is run. the ADMINETRATIV E CONTROL MODEL states that porrly managed prison sare more likely to have inmate violnce because it included weak leadership , a thriving culture of unoffical rules. so th importation model is an inedauqut explantion because factors withing the prison can affect the inmates and their behaviour on other.

Answer 49

rs fro the deprivation model. this is because a researcher analysed 35 inmate murder in a prisons between 2000and2008 and found the people ho killed had motivations fro their violent behaviour were liked to the ones in deprivation model such as boundairies tp have been crossed such as argments over drugs, sexual activty and personal possessions therfore this supports the deprivation model ad supports its validity.

Answer 50

one - of research is contradicting the DP model.. this is because the model would predict aggressive behaviour due to lack fo heterosexual conttact, but a researcher studied male ad femal inmates from two prisons that allow conjugal visits and found that there was no link between visits and reduced aggressive behaviour.

Answer 51

when we see a violent action we experience a phsyiloigcl arousal associated with the sympathtic nervous system such as heart rate incresed high blood pressure, but when children repeatdly watch aggressive content they bcome used to its effects so stimulus has a lower imoact and arousal becomes lower with repeated viewing or playing.

Answer 52

desensitises us physiolgically and psychologically as it promites a belief that aggression is a way of resovling a conflict, so socially acceptable, and the negative attitdes towards violence weakens.

Answer 53

participaint watched a grahic rape scene from straw dogs and then PS watched a reinactment of a rape trial. compared to the control group who saw a non sexual film, the male viewers of straw dogs showed less empathy to the rape myths and sexual aggression and less likely to feel defend the guilty.

Answer 54

Because many people hold the view that aggression is harmful and antisocial they have strong psycholgical inhibitions against aggression to solve conflicts. these are learned by SLT.

Answer 55

after exposre to violent media this effect/control is disinhibted and restraints are loosened. and if appareaed to be normtive on media then this minimised the effect sof violnce on vcitims and is seen as justfied

Answer 56

when watching aggressive media again and again it prepares a scrpit in our heads about how a violent action should play out so the script is stored our memory and become ready to aggresive. this happens automatically without even realising it ,and can be triggered when we encounter cue in a situation that we percive as aggressive.

Answer 57

men listened to song lyrics abot women that were derogatriy and had deveopd more negative qualties about women and bhaved more aggressively to a woman confederate. this also was seen in women.with men hating lyrics.

Answer 58

a psycholgicla state in which a person looses theri perosnal identity and takes identity of social group.

Answer 59

We usually idenfitified by others our behavior is constrained by social norms and aggression is discouraged, but when we become part of a crowd we loose the restraint for our behaviour, and resoponislbyt becoems throughout crowd and is more shared so we dont feel as responsiblty or personal guilt.

Answer 60

when in a individuated state we are ratola and show normal behviour, but when we become deindiviated they become emotional impulsive and irrational or ignores social norms.

Answer 61

darkness drugs uniforms maks and disguises and anonimty. because we have less fear of responsiblity so so are small and seen as a unidentifiable part of a crowd the bigger the crowd the more anonmyous we are, providing less oppertunities to be judged negatively.

Answer 62

aggression does not stem from anaonmity dircetly but from the consequences of anonimity.

Answer 63

private self awareness how much we pay attention to our feelings and behaviour which is reduced when we are a part of a concerns. so our attention becomes on events around us and pay less attention o our own beliefs and feelings promoting a deinvidyated state. we are less crtitical and less thoughtful.

Answer 64

private self awarness and public self awarness

Answer 65

refers to how uch we care about how other people see usand what they think of or behviour which is reduced in crowds becasue we realise the attention is not on us as we are amongst many so less judged by others-so we become less accountable for our behvaiours.

Answer 66

carried out by DODD who asked undergraduate psych students the questions if you could do anything huanly possible wihout being detected and respoible what would you do? responses where anonymous.

Answer 67

36% antisocial behaviour 26% rob bank and murder rape and only 9% prosocial behvaiours which shows that de indviautio promotes anonmity and therefore aggression.

Answer 68

researcher looked at aggressive online behaviour in chat rooms and instant messaging. they found a strong correltion between anonmity and posting hostile messages and the most hostile messgaes were sent by those whoh hid their real identities. this is a common behaviour od online trolls therefore ther is a link between anonmity and deindivaution.

Answer 69

found that de indviuaton does not always lead to aggression. a group of 8 strangers were placed completely in a dark room for one hour and told they could do whatever they wanted and could not identofy eachother and would never meet again and began to start kssing and intametly touching eachother. but in another group they weretold that they would come face to face to eachother and the amount of kssing and touhing was much less,so it does not always lead to aggression.

Answer 70

becasue ot ca explain the aggressive behaviour of baiting crowds from suicidal cases. a researcher looked at 21 cases from US newspaper of a crowd gathering a bait to jump.these occurred more so in the dark and a big distance from the jumper this is stregnth becasue these are the condtion predicted by de individaution theory to leads to aggressive baiting and state of de invidiaution, therfore there is some valiity to idea tht a large group can become aggressive in a faceless crowd.