Science: Particles Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the basic building blocks of matter?
Everything is made of tiny particles.
How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?
In solids, they vibrate in place; in liquids, they move around each other; and in gases, they move freely in all directions.
What is the force of attraction in solids, liquids, and gases?
Strongest in solids, weaker in liquids, and weakest in gases.
How does temperature affect particle movement?
When we heat a substance, its particles move faster; when we cool it, they slow down.
What is a physical change?
No new substance is formed; physical changes are often reversible.
What is a chemical change?
A new substance is formed; chemical changes are often irreversible.
What is a solution?
A liquid where the solute is evenly mixed into the solvent.
What is a solute?
A solute is what’s being dissolved in the solvent.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances.
What is dissolving?
Mixing into a liquid to form a solution.
What does dilute mean?
When there is a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent.
What does concentrated mean?
When there is a large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.
What does soluble mean?
Solids that dissolve in liquids.
What does insoluble mean?
Solids that do not dissolve in liquids.
What is solubility?
The amount of a substance that can dissolve in a liquid to make a solution.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains as much solute as possible.
What does oversaturated mean?
A solution that contains too much solute, above the saturated point.
What does unsaturated mean?
More solute can dissolve in the solvent, below the saturated point.
What is crystallization?
When a hot, saturated solution is cooled down, some of the solute will come out of the solution and form crystals.
What is a mixture?
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined.
What is filtration?
Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid, e.g. soil and water, using a sieve or filter paper.
What is evaporation?
Used to separate a soluble solid and a liquid, e.g. salt and water, by heating the solution until the solvent evaporates.
What is distillation?
Used to separate a soluble liquid and its solvent, or two liquids that mix, based on different boiling points.
What is chromatography?
Paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances in solution, moving through the paper at different rates.
