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AP Psychology > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

networl of nerves that connects the CNS to other parts of the body
contains sensory and motor neurons

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2
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntayr movement of the bodys skeletal muscles

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3
Q

automatic nervous system

A

controls glands and internal organs
heartbaeat, difrestion, hormomes, ect

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4
Q

sympathetic nervous sutem

A

fight or flight
perepares body for crisis

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5
Q

parasympatheitc nerocus systme

A

rests and digest
returns body to normal after crisis

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

made up of the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

withdrawl

A

painful symtpoms when someone suddenly stops using whatever substance/behavior they were addicted to

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8
Q

tolerance

A

diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use of a substance or activity requiring larger doeses to create desired effects

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9
Q

psychoactiev drugs

A

chemicals that change perceptions, moods and behabiprs

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10
Q

depressants

A

drugs taht calm neural acticity and slow body
alcohol, sleep aids, opiates, marijuana

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11
Q

alcohol

A

reduces rem
memory disrptoin

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12
Q

barbituatres

A

sleep aids
induce sleep or reduce anxiery

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13
Q

opiates

A

narcotisc
morphine, heroin, codeine, dentanly
promote endorphins

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14
Q

stimulants

A

temporarily excite and arouse bodily functions
caffenine, nictoine, ococaine,

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15
Q

hallociongens

A

substances that change a persons perception of reality
lsd, pcp. wjeed. shroom

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16
Q

case studies

A

examines one idividual or group in depth

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17
Q

naturalistic observatoin

A

observing and recodring behavior in a natural ocurring situtation
cant interact wiht enviro
cant determine cause and effect

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18
Q

survey

A

asks people to report their behavior or opinions through questionaires
not always jonest
cant determine cause and effect

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19
Q

positive correlation

A

when 2 variables increase or decrease togehter

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20
Q

negative correlation

A

when 1 increases, the other decreases

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21
Q

experiment

A

method where a researcher manipulates variables to see if it influneces other vriables
only way to determine cause and effect

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22
Q

psyhoanalytic persepctive

A

unconcious mind, motives, unresolved conflicts
oast experiences

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23
Q

evolutionary persepective

A

appriaches human cognition, emotions, and behavior through the effects of evolution

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24
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

ways apersons social experiencs and society effects them

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25
behavioral perspective
leanring how the environment effects behavior
26
congtive perspective
how info is aquired, processed, stored and untilixed
27
biological perspective
looks at genetics, inheritance, family, history, neurvous system, immune sutem, and biologu
28
humantistic
lookst at individuals as a whole system through observation of behavior
29
operational definiton
defining a concept by how you plan to measure it
30
frontal lobe
judgement, planning, reasoning, problem solving, personality moral judgement develops last contains motor cortex, brocas area, and prefrontal cortex
31
Brocas area
involved in speech production
32
brocas aphasia
difficultuy in producing speech
33
pariatal loves
processes sensory signals helps with spacial orientation contains somatosensoty cortex
34
temporal lobes
involved in hearing, language processing, and memory connected to limbic system stores long term memories wernickes area, right fusiform gyrus
35
wernickes area
involved in the comprehenion and understanding of written adn spoken language
36
wernickes aphasia
difficulting expressing and understaind written and spoken words
37
occiptal loves
processes vidual info from eyes
38
sensation
detection of external stimuli via the 5 senses and the transition of this info to the brain
39
perception
process of organizing and interpreting sensory info tso that it makes sense
40
bottom up processing
starts with stimulus, travels through senses and analyzed by brain
41
top down processing
using knowlefge, experence, or context to understand adn interpret sensory perceptions
42
absolute threshold
the wekest amount of a stimuls a perso can detect half of the time
43
differnce threshold
min amount smth needs to change before a person notices the change hald go the time
44
cones
recpetors in the retina that detect color and fine details in forvea
45
rods
recceptors in the retina that enable black and white and peropjeral vision
46
trichromatic theory
explains that rhere are 3 types of cones in teh retina when stimulated in combo, they can produce the perception of color
47
opponent processing theory
neurons work in pairs to help process color vision signlas brrains create after images
48
color blindess
caused by impaired finctioning to cone pairs
49
neurons
nerve cells recireb, cary and pass on to next neuron
50
detrites
reciebe messages from other cells
51
somas
cell body whih maintains the helah of the messsage
52
axons
spreads the message to other neurons
53
myelin shath
fatty tissue that perotects axon and speeds up electricla impulses
54
axon terminals
form junctions with other cells
55
motor neurons
control muscle movements and allow for involutary movements
56
interneurons
connect sesnory and motor neurons to integrate sensoru infor
57
sensory neurons
nerve fibers that reciebe stimuli from seonsry organs and send messages to brian for processing
58
mirror neurons
fires when a person performs and action or observes someone else performing that same action
59
agonist
a substance that activates the receptors for certian NTs and mimics/strenghtne the effect of that NT heroin, oxycodine, cocane
60
antagonist
a substance that attaches to the receptors for certain NTs and blocks them frm having an effet
61
biologicl rhythm
series of bodily functions regulated by internal clock
62
cicradian rhythms
biologucal rthythms that occur every 24 hrs based on light 4-6 times a night
63
lasts 5-10 min brain wves slow heart slows, body relaxes
NREM 1
64
10-30 min rapid burst of brian waves breathing regulates, body tem drops, new memories form
NREM 2
65
20-40 min slow brain waves muscles relaex, body sttarts physical repaors, short burst dreams hard to eake up
NREM 3
66
10-50 min active brain waves body is relaxed, eyes moev rapidyl
REM
67
manifest
sites, sunds, and story line of dream
68
latanent content
unconsiuss drives and wishes, symbolic meaning of dream
69
dream consolodation theory
the brains way of fonsilidating memories and events while sleep
70
lucid dream
know you are dreaming while you are asleep
71
cognition
thinking- the mental activites of aquiring, storing, retrievign and using knowledge
72
prototype
mental image/best ex of a concept
73
concept
a mental grouping of similar obects, people, events, ect
74
schema
framework that helps us organi conceps/protpypes
75
convergent thinking
narrowing down the availavle problem solutions to determine the single best answer
76
divergent thinking
using creativity to consider many options
77
algorithms
step by step method thay guarantees a solution
78
heuristic
mental shortcuts that allows us to mae juegements and sovle problems quickly

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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