Unit 1 Part 1

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

genetics determien behavior

Question 2

nututre

Answer 2

enviro, upbringing and ezperiences determine behavvior

Question 3

nature v nuture studies

Answer 3

identical twins

Question 4

pass down adaptations

Answer 4

natural selections

Question 5

survival of the fittest

Answer 5

those who aret eh most adapted to their enviro survive and reproduce
encouraged eugenics

Question 6

identical/monozygotic twins

Answer 6

develop from 1 egg that slips
same genes

Question 7

faterbak/dizygotic twins

Answer 7

differnet eggs
differetn genes

Question 8

epigenetics

Answer 8

study of environments on genes

Question 9

neurosystem

Answer 9

the bodys speedy, electro-chemicla communication

Question 10

cental nervous system

Answer 10

controls entire body and mind
brain adn spinal cord
all messages to nd from btain through spinal cord

Question 11

peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

network of nerves that connects the CNS to other parts of the body
contains sensory and motor neuronsq

Question 12

somatic nervous system

Answer 12

controls voluntary movement of the bodys skeletal muscles

Question 13

autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

controls glands and internal organs
hearbeat, digestion, release of hormones

Question 14

sympathetic

Answer 14

fight or flight
prepares body for crisis
increased heart rate, blood [ressures and breathing

Question 15

parasympathetic

Answer 15

rest adn digest
returns body to normal after crisis
calms you down and return to homeostasis
lower heart rate, bp, slow breathing

Question 16

neurotransmitters

Answer 16

chemical messengers in the brain that travels acros the synappse from 1 neuron to the nexg

Question 17

synapse

Answer 17

meeting point between neurons

Question 18

acetylcholine

Answer 18

involved in memory formation adn learning
disruption of ACh suppply to the brains memory centers can cause difficulting forming new memorites or learning new facts

Question 19

defecit of acetycholine

Answer 19

alzheimers
paralysis or limited mobility

Question 20

surplus of acetylcholine

Answer 20

violent muscles contractions and spasms

Question 21

serotonin

Answer 21

regulates mood
involved in sleep/wake cycle
regulates appetite

Question 22

serotonin deficit

Answer 22

depression
anxiety
OCD

Question 23

dopamine

Answer 23

reward and motivation, pleasure

Question 24

deficit in dopamine

Answer 24

parkinson’s

Question 25

surplus of dopamine

Answer 25

schizophrenia

Question 26

norepinephrine

Answer 26

arousal fight or flight incerases alertness, bp, and heart rate

Question 27

endorphins

Answer 27

regulates pain perception released during exercise lineked to positiev emotions

Question 28

glutamate

Answer 28

excitatory neurotransmitter encourages neurons fire

Question 29

gaba

Answer 29

inhibitory neurotransmitter slows things down reduces a neurons likelihood of firing an action potential

Question 30

neuron

Answer 30

nerve cell 3 basic functions: receive, carry, and pass to the next neuron

Question 31

neural networks

Answer 31

thousand of neurons connect with each other

Question 32

dendrites

Answer 32

branches recieve and integrate messages from other cells biological basis for learning

Question 33

soma

Answer 33

cell body that maintains the health o fthe neuron

Question 34

axon

Answer 34

neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neruons or to muscles or glands conducts action potential

Question 35

myelin sheath

Answer 35

fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the axon and speds up electrical impuleses

Question 36

glial cells

Answer 36

form mylin sheath and provide support, nutritional bemefits, and protection for neurons

Question 37

axon terminaks

Answer 37

at the tup of the axon stores NTs that release and attatch tp other neurons to send mesages form junctions with other cells

Question 38

multiple sclerosis

Answer 38

disase that disrputs the flow of info in teh brain and form the brian to the body results in loss of muscles control caused by degeneration of the myelin sheath

Question 39

spinal cord

Answer 39

tube of neres that connects the brain to the rest of the body all messages to anf from the brain run through the spinal cord

Question 40

sensory neurons

Answer 40

neurons that carry incoming infro from the sensoty receptors in teh body t o the spinal conrd and brain for processing recieve stimuli from sensory organs

Question 41

afferent neurons

Answer 41

sensory neurons

Question 42

eferent neurons

Answer 42

motor neurons

Question 43

motor neurons

Answer 43

neurons that carry outgoin info from the grain and sponal cord to the muscles and glands control uscle movements and allow for voluntary and involuntary movements located in the brain and spinal cord

Question 44

interneyrons

Answer 44

neurons that acct as the middle man b.w other neurons connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 45

mirror neurons

Answer 45

neuron tha fires when someone perfors a movement and when someone observes the same moemebt performed by somene else micing

Question 46

action potential

Answer 46

firing of a nueron step 1) resting potential step 2) thresholf step 3) depolization step 4) action potential step 5) refractory period

Question 47

resting potential

Answer 47

imbalance of electrical charge that exists b/w the inside and outside of hte neuron when it isnt being used polarized capable of generating an action potential

Question 48

ion channels

Answer 48

gates in the axon that allow ions to flow in and out of the cell and change teh charge of the cell closed during testing potential

Question 49

threshold

Answer 49

a minimum charge must be reached insdide the axon before the neuron can fire an action potential

Question 50

depolarization

Answer 50

when the indide of the cell becomes more positively charged the energy is abt to produce an action potenti

Question 51

step 4 action potential

Answer 51

brief elecrical impulse that travels down the axon

Question 52

all or noting priciple

Answer 52

the action potential either ffires or it doesnt all or nothign

Question 53

refractory period

Answer 53

recovery period after an action potetiak neuron rechanges

Question 54

agonist

Answer 54

a substance that activates the receptors for certain NTs and mimics or strengthens the effect of that NT ex: oxycodone, meth, cocain, morphone mimic endorphins

Question 55

antagonist

Answer 55

a substance that attaches to the receptors for certain NTs and blocks s them from having an effect ex: haloperidol blocks dopaine to treat schizophrenia

Question 56

addictio

Answer 56

uncontrolale craving of a substance, ting of activity rooted in the brain

Question 57

dependence

Answer 57

occurs when your body becomes sed to the effects of a drug/activit abd goes into withdrawal

Question 58

addiction causes

Answer 58

genetics environment mental health

Question 59

withdrawal

Answer 59

painful symptoms when someone suddenltu stops using whatever substance r behavior they were addicted to

Question 60

tolerance

Answer 60

diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use of a substance or activity requiring larger doses to create desired effets

Question 61

psychoactive drugs

Answer 61

chemcials that change perception moods and behviors stimulants depressents hallycinogens

Question 62

depressants

Answer 62

drugs that calm neural activity and slows body alcohol, sleep aids, opiates, marijuana

Question 63

alcohol

Answer 63

reduces REM memory disruption

Question 64

barbituates

Answer 64

sleep aids induce sleep or reduce anziety valium, xanax

Question 65

opiates

Answer 65

narcotics morphine, heroin, codeine, fentanyl promote endorphins deadly

Question 66

stimulants

Answer 66

temporarilt excite and arouse body functions caffeoe, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, meth, ecstasy, weed

Question 67

hallucinogens

Answer 67

substances that change a persons percpetion of realotu LSD, PCP, THC-weed, peuote cactus, shrooms

Question 68

marijuana

Answer 68

mostly a stimulnt and depresent but sometimes a hallucingenetic