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Module 3 > Sensory Perception > Flashcards

Sensory Perception Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

the ability to receive sensory input and, through various physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information

A

sensory perception

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2
Q

a deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception

A

sensory deficit

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3
Q

what are 3 types of sensory deprivation

A

reduced sensory input
elimination of patterns or meaning from input
restrictive enviornments

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4
Q

what are 5 characteristics of cataracts

A
  1. cloudy, opaque lens
  2. decreased visual acuity
  3. no pain
  4. occurs gradually
  5. decreased night vision
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5
Q

what are the treatments for cataracts

A

removal of lens with lens implant

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6
Q

an opacification (clouding) of the lens, that can significantly interfere with light transmission to the retina and the ability to perceive images clearly

A

cataracts

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7
Q

cataracts are the leading cause of _______ and most common surgical procedure for those aged over 65

A

blindness

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8
Q

what are cataracts risk factors

A 
aging
blunt trauma
genetics
environment
long term sun exposure
smoking and alcohol use
ocular inflammation
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9
Q

what are clinical manifestations of age related cataracts

A 
cloudy/opaque lens
cloudy vision
halos
diplopia
photophobia
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10
Q

what are the 4 subjective data of early stage cataracts

A

blurred vison/decreased vision acuity
sensitivity to light or glares
halo around lights
does NOT hurt

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11
Q

what are the 4 objective data late stages

A

progressive loss of vision
diplopia
visual opacity
absent red reflex

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12
Q

what are the diagnosis studies for cataracts

A 
history and physical examination
visual acuity measurement
opthalmoscopy
slit lamp microscope 
glare testing
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13
Q

there is not a surgical “cure” for this

A

cataracts

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14
Q

what visual aids may help cataracts

A

changing eyewear prescription
reading glasses
magnifiers
increased lighting

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15
Q

where do cataracts typically start

A

in the periphery

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16
Q

cataracts usually will happen ________ but one progress more than the ______

A

bilaterally; other

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17
Q

a cataract that takes up the entire lens is

A

mature

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18
Q

a cataract that takes up just half of the lens is

A

immature

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19
Q

topical or systemic long term corticosteroids increase risk of

A

cataracts

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20
Q

what develops cataracts at a younger age

A

uncontrolled diabetes

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21
Q

what do the glare testing and slit lamp light do

A

see back of eye and make sure there are not any protein clumps for cataracts

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22
Q

what happens during the preoperative phase of cataracts

A 
H&P
Eye drops (no steroidal anti inflammatory, dilating)
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23
Q

what are the steps of the intraoperative phase of cataracts

A

corneoscleral incision
cataract extracted and sutures
cortex irrigated and aspirated
corticosteroid and antibiotic ointment

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24
Q

why will the steroid does be low and short term for cataract sx

A

because they typically cause cataracts

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25
if the eyesight is not better post op it should become better __-__ days after surgery just because the eye is _____ form surgery
3-5; irritated
26
if there is redness after cataract sx this could be
sign of infection
27
after cataract sx avoid bending over because
it could cause pressure
28
what vitamins should be taken for cataracts
A, E, C
29
what assessment should be done post op
``` check visual acuity psychosocial impact of visual acuity level of knowledge about sx comfort/ability to comply with post treatment self care deficits anxiety ```
30
what are 5 signs of complications after cataract sx
``` sharp, sudden pain in eye bleeding or increased discharge lid swelling sudden decrease in vision flashes of light that might increase IOP ```
31
anytime your head is below your heart in increases
intraocular pressure
32
what should you teach the pt about cataract
review procedure for use of eye drops wear sunglasses good nutrition
33
increased intraocular pressure and progressive vision loss
glaucoma
34
glaucoma feels like they have ______ on , ______ vision and can not see anything to the _____
blinders; tunnel; side
35
what are the 3 P's of blindness due to OPEN angle glaucoma
Preventable Painless Permanent
36
glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by
increased IOP and consequences of elevated pressure, optic nerve atrophy, peripheral visual field loss
37
glaucoma is the ____ leading cause of blindness and the leading cause of blindness in _____
2nd; african americans
38
what are the risk factors for glaucoma
``` family hx over age of 40 hypertension diabetes hx of ocular problems ```
39
what is the MOST common type of glaucoma and is the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in trabecular meshwork
primary open angle glaucoma
40
POAG is like a clogged kitchen sink which means
pressure builds up and is not letting anything go out
41
what are the 3 clinical manifestations of POAG
develops slowly no symptoms unnoticed until peripheral vision is severely compromised
42
these are the pt that say they don't have any peripheral vision
POAG
43
this type of glaucoma is a medical emergency and completely blocks the outflow of aqueous humor (can be from the age process, drooping of eyes)
primary angle closure glaucoma
44
what is the clinical manifestations of PACG
acute angle closure glaucoma sudden onset excruciating pain IN or AROUND eyes and colored halos around lights, may develop N/V, ocular redness
45
someone who has HALO but DOES NOT have pain
cataracts
46
when should PACG be fixed
within 1-2 days or will have permanent vision loss
47
what is normal IOP
10-21 mmHg
48
what is open angle glaucoma IOP
22-32 mmHg
49
what is acute angle-closure glaucoma
> 50mmHg
50
what are the 4 diagnostic studies
slit lamp microscope tonometry peripheral and central vision tests opthalmoscopy
51
put of air into the eye
tonometry
52
tells how long a pt has had it
peripheral and central vision test
53
sees the back of the eye- optic disk becomes deeper, wider, pallor so thats why we do this
opthalmoscopy
54
what are ways to care for chronic open angle glaucoma
drug therapy argon laser trabeculoplasty trabeculectomy
55
in a trabeculoplasty the laser stimulates ______ and contraction of trabecular meshwork (holes) uncloggs to let aqueous humor flow out
scarring
56
makes square in the trabecular meshwork to allow a better hole
trabeculectomy
57
what care should be given for acute angle closure glaucoma
miotics oral/IV hyperosmotic Laser peripheral iridotomy surgical iridectomy
58
puts a hole in the IRIS (lots of dots) sometimes it will fix it but another attack will happen then you go to the next
laser peripheral iridotomy
59
removes part of the IRIS (pretty much fixes it for good)
surgical iridectomy
60
what nursing assessments should be done for glaucoma
ability to understand and comply with treatment psychologic reaction to sight-threatening disorders family reaction and support caregiver availability
61
what are 4 nursing diagnosis of glaucoma
risk for injury self-care deficit acute pain noncompliance
62
what eye problem should you stand to the side of pt because they can't see in the center
macular degeneration
63
what could increase the risk for glaucoma
hypertension and diabetes
64
what can be genetic and potentially increase risk for eye disorders
sickle cell, thyroid disease, cancer, hemophilia
65
what eye disorder could cause glaucoma
cataracts
66
most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over age 60 in the U.S.
macular degeneration
67
what are risk factors for MD
``` family hx long term exposure to UV light hyperopia smoking light colored eyes may be an additional risk ```
68
MD is _____ and no ______
irreversible; treatment
69
what are the 2 types of MD
dry md | wet md
70
dry (atrophic) MD is the
hardening of retinal capillaries
71
early dry MD is
few small to medium size drusen but no change in vision best thing is to consume lots of vitamin A, E, C
72
intermediate dry MD is
many medium size drusen but still just minor visual changes
73
advanced dry MD is
many large drusen, breakdown of phtoreceptors (no color), dark spot in center, progressive central learning and vision loss-will go at different speeds so your brain try to compensate for it by using the other eye more than the affected
74
less common, more severe MD and is when the blood vessels leak
wet (exudative) MD
75
you must be diagnosed with ____ MD first
Dry
76
what are dry MD symptoms
develop gradually need for brighter light gradual haziness of central or overall vision blurred spot in the center of field of vision
77
what are wet MD symptoms
abrupt onset rapid worsening and vision loss well-defined blurry/blind spot of central vision
78
need light at you or where you are looking and may see animals that art really there
dry MD
79
DO NOT want light directly on them
cataracts
80
leads to abrupt vision loss
wet MD
81
what is the management of dry MD
antioxidants, zinc, and selenium Vit. A, C,E fruits, veggies, fish
82
what is the management of wet MD
injections into eye photodynamic therapy laser
83
what do the injections for wet MD do
stop the growth of blood vessels
84
conductive hearing loss occurs in ______ and _______ ear and impairs the sound being conducted from _____ to ______ ear
outer and middle; outer to inner
85
what causes conductive hearing loss
ear infection with pus impacted earwax middle ear disease hardening of ear hairs
86
the conductive hearing loss pt actually hears better in
noisy environments
87
the typical hearingloss pt
hears better in noisy rooms talks quieter can not register high pitch sounds (talk lower and slower for them to hear you)
88
what assistive devices and techniques are for hearing loss
``` amplification devices alerting systems texting systems closed captions specially trained dogs ```
89
what are the basic care of hearing aids
hearing aids are NOT water proof | make sure they are in ears, don't leave on bed sheets
90
what are medical interventions of hearingloss
early detection safety measures (due to hearing loss) dietary (nutrition, hydration) medication
91
what are surgical interventions for hearing loss
remove causative agent hearing aids implants
92
what are communication interventions for hearing loss
hearing aids lip reading, sign language speech therapy
93
what are community resources for hearing loss
support groups

Module 3 (10 decks)

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