Session 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the Mastoid process?
A bony landmark near the superior aspect of the Mandible (Behind the ear). It is an attachment point for muscles.
How many heads does the Sternocleoidomastoid have?
One superiorly which attaches to the Mastoid process
Two inferiorly - one attaches to the medial third of the clavicle, the other to the sternum
What nerve innervates the Sternocleoidomastoid?
Accessory nerve
Where on the clavicle does the Trapezius attach?
The later third
What are the 2 main triangles in the neck?
Anterior
Posterior
What are the borders of the Posterior triangle of the neck?
Anterior - Posterior border of Sternocleoidomastoid
Posterior - Anterior border of Trapezius
Base - Middle third of clavicle
What is the contents of the Posterior triangle of the neck?
Spinal accessory nerve (Vulnerable during lymph node biopsy)
External Jugular vein (JVP)
Subclavian artery
How is the Anterior triangle of the neck separated?
By an imaginary line down the middle of the triangle from the middle of the mandible
What are the borders of the Anterior triangle of the neck?
Superior - Lower border of the body of the mandible
Inferior - Manubrium of the sternum
Posterior - Anterior of Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior - Midline of neck
What are the 4 triangles of the Anterior triangle of the neck?
Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular
What is the contents of the Submandibular triangle of the neck?
Myohyloid muscle
Hypoglossal nerve
Facial artery
What is the contents of the Submental triangle of the neck?
Anterior jugular veins
Lymph nodes
What is the contents of the Carotid triangle of the neck?
Carotid sheath
What is the contents of the Carotid sheath?
Common Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What is the contents of the Muscular triangle of the neck?
Infrahyoid muscles Recurrent laryngeal nerve Thyroid gland Trachea Oesophagus
What is the function of Anatomical planes/compartments?
Determine the spread of infection
Allow ease of movement
Natural planes (Can be used to incisions)
Compartmentalise
What are the layers of the neck?
Skin Subcutaneous fat Platysma muscle (Anterior only) Deep cervical fascia (Double layer around the SCM & Trapezius) SCM & Trapezius Pretracheal layer of fascia
What does the Pretracheal layer of fascia contain?
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thyroid
What is the clinical importance of the Retropharyngeal space?
It is a potential space that runs from the skull base to the diaphragm. This means that any infections that enter it can spread to the diaphragm and mediastinum
What is the Parapharyngeal space?
Lateral to the pharynx and runs to T2/3
What is the Hyoid bone?
A free floating bone that holds muscles for the larynx
What are the 2 groups of muscles attached to the Hyoid bone?
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
What are the Suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric (2 heads)
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
What is the main action of the Suprahyoid muscles?
Elevate the hyoid and larynx during swallowing
