Session 8

Question 1

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 9-12 leave?

Answer 1

The Medulla

Question 2

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 5-8 leave?

Answer 2

The Pons

Question 3

Where, in the brainstem, do CN 2-3 leave?

Answer 3

The Midbrain

Question 4

Where do CN 1 & 2 leave?

Answer 4

The brain

Question 5

What artery supplies CN III?

Answer 5

Posterior communicating artery

Question 6

How can CN III be damaged by its artery?

Answer 6

Aneurysm

Question 7

What is the action of the Superior Oblique muscle of the eye?

Answer 7

Moves it down & out

Question 8

Roughly, what is the course of CN III?

Answer 8

Leaves the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain
Passes along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
Passes through the superior orbital fissure
Splits into branches

Question 9

What effect does CN III have on the eye?

Answer 9

Innervates levator palpabrae superioris (Keeps upper eyelid up)
Constricts the pupil via parasympathetic fibres

Question 10

Where do the parasympathetic fibres that travel with CN III come from?

Answer 10

Edinger - Westphal nucleus

Hitch hike on the outside of the oculomotor nerve proer

Question 11

What is the oculomotor nerve proper?

Answer 11

Nerve that comes from the oculomotor nucleus

Sympathetic innervation only

Question 12

What is the sign of damage to the oculomotor nerve proper?

Answer 12

Eye ptosis
Eye faces down and out
Usually due to issues with the blood supply

Question 13

What is the sign of damage to the parasympathetic fibres of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 13

Pupil dilation

Usually due to an infection

Question 14

What can cause a CN III palsy?

Answer 14

Tumour
Aneurysm
Infection
Issues with blood supply

Question 15

What does CN III innervate?

Answer 15

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique

Question 16

What does CN IV innervate?

Answer 16

Superior oblique

Question 17

What does CN VI innervate?

Answer 17

Lateral rectus

Question 18

What are the 3 separate roots of the Trigeminal nerve in the brainstem?

Answer 18

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 19

Does the Trigeminal nerve have autonomic fibres?

Answer 19

No, but it carries some

Question 20

What ganglion does Vi come from?

Answer 20

Trigeminal ganglion

Question 21

Is Vi sensory, motor or both?

Answer 21

Sensory

Question 22

Where does Vi exit the cranium?

Answer 22

Foramen superior orbital fissure

Question 23

What are the 5 branches of Vi?

Answer 23

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Lacrimal
Infratrochlear
External nasal

Question 24

Is Vii sensory, motor or both?

Answer 24

Sensory

Question 25

Where does Vii exit the cranium?

Answer 25

Foramen rotundum

Question 26

What are the 3 branches of Vii?

Answer 26

Infra orbital Zygomaticofacial Zygomaticotemporal

Question 27

Is Viii sensory, motor or both?

Answer 27

Sensory and motor

Question 28

Where does Viii exit the cranium?

Answer 28

Via the Foramen ovale

Question 29

What are the 3 branches of Viii?

Answer 29

Auriculotemporal Buccal Mental

Question 30

Where does Viii come from?

Answer 30

The pons in the brain

Question 31

Is the facial nerve sensory, motor or mixed?

Answer 31

Both | Also has parasympathetic nerve fibres

Question 32

What are the 2 roots of the facial nerve?

Answer 32

Lateral (nervus intermedius) | Medial

Question 33

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 33

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical ```

Question 34

Where do taste fibres terminate?

Answer 34

In the nucleus solitaris of the medulla

Question 35

What is important to remember about the frontalis muscle?

Answer 35

Bilateral innervation from CN VII

Question 36

What are the extra cranial branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 36

Posterior auricular | 5 branches when leaving the parotid gland

Question 37

What are the intracranial branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 37

Greater petrosal nerve Nerve to stapedius Chords tympani

Question 38

What is Bell's palsy?

Answer 38

A facial nerve palsy that is idiopathic and lasts 6 weeks

Question 39

What is the difference between a Bell's palsy and a facial nerve palsy?

Answer 39

A facial nerve palsy has a known cause and is permanent

Question 40

How can the facial nerve be damaged by the parotid gland?

Answer 40

Parotidectomy Inflammation of the facial nerve as in a sheath Tympandectomy Forceps delivery of a baby can damage in the stylomastoid Foramen

Question 41

How can the forehead distinguish between a nerve palsy and a stroke?

Answer 41

In a lower motor neurone palsy (eg Bells) looses forehead movement In strokes there is forehead sparing as it is an upper motor neurone lesion that doesn't knock out the dual supply to the forehead