Session 1 - Purpose of the gut

Question 1

Describe the two different types of contraction in the stomach

Answer 1

Upper area creates basal tone with slow, sustained contractions
Lower area does powerful, grinding peristaltic contractions

Question 2

Describe mechanisms of chemical digestion

Answer 2

Amylase and lipase in salvia, acid and pepsin in stomach, exocrine pancreas produces factors for digestion in duodenum

Question 3

Infection defences

Answer 3

HCL, peters patches, kupffer cells in liver, and saliva

Question 4

Where are peters patches mostly located

Answer 4

Terminal ileum

Question 5

Name four types of GI movement

Answer 5

Mass movement, peristalsis, segmentation, haustrla shuttling

Question 6

Name one temporary GI fold and one permanent

Answer 6

Rugae in stomach are temporary

Plicae circularis in SI are permanent

Question 7

What is mass movement

Answer 7

Sudden movement of waste through colon into rectum

Question 8

Rectum is normally empty/full

Answer 8

Empty

Question 9

Purpose of upper oesophageal sphincter

Answer 9

Prevents air from entering GI tract

Question 10

Role of lower oesophageal sphincter

Answer 10

Prevents oesophageal reflux

Question 11

What factor does the stomach secrete

Answer 11

Intrinsic factor- vital for absorption of vit b12

Question 12

How does the duodenum handle the acidic chyme it receives

Answer 12

Secretes HCO3

Question 13

Site of b12 absorption

Answer 13

Terminal ileum

Question 14

Which absorbs more nutrients, jejunum or ileum

Answer 14

Jejunum

Question 15

Which absorbs more water/electrolytes, jejunum or ileum

Answer 15

Ileum

Question 16

Where is site of bile recirculation?

Answer 16

Ileum

Question 17

What happens in the large bowel?

Answer 17

Final water and final electrolyte absorption

Question 18

Where absorbs the most water?

Answer 18

Small intestine (even though it’s the LIs main job)

Question 19

Why is it difficult to absorb water in the LI

Answer 19

You’re going against the waters concentration gradient

Question 20

Are the viscera in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 20

No. nothing in there apart from small amount of fluid it secretes for lubrication. Organs are enveloped only

Question 21

What is the mesentery

Answer 21

Double fold of peritoneum, blood vessels travel in here