Session 5

Question 1

Time

Answer 1

Concerns relation between story time and discourse time

Question 2

Order

Answer 2

WHEN?

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

HOW LONG?

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

HOW OFTEN?

Question 5

Chronology

Answer 5

things told in order

Question 6

Anachrony

Answer 6

things told out of order

Question 7

Flashback (Analepsis)

Answer 7

an interruption in the present of a vivid memory set in the past

Question 8

Flashforward (Prolepsis)

Answer 8

a scene that temporarily takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story in literature

Question 9

Objective Anachrony

Answer 9

factual, regardless of character’s perspective. Ex: Historical flashbacks in a movie

Question 10

Subjective Anachrony

Answer 10

imaginary, perceived by character. Ex: Leonardo Di Caprio in Shutter Island

Question 11

Ellipses/Cut

Answer 11

no words (0 discourse time), but time continues to pass (story time)→ something is left out

Question 12

Summary/Speed Up

Answer 12

discourse shorter than story time: narrator concentrates, straightens presentation, summarises things

Question 13

Scene

Answer 13

story time and discourse time are the same. Hint: every time there is dialogue it is a scene

Question 14

Stretch/Slow Down

Answer 14

discourse time longer than story time; slow motion in film; Ex: in a book when someone shoots another person, they do not just say “he shot him” they describe it slowly and in detail like “he pulls the gun from his pocket, aims it at the guy, clenches his fingers on the trigger, etc even though it only takes a split second.

Question 15

Pause

Answer 15

action stops, but discourse continues. Ex: a narrator describing how a place looks like. No time is passing, but only a description is happening OR every time a narrator makes a comment

Question 16

Singulative

Answer 16

only happened once, only presented once

Question 17

Repetitive

Answer 17

narrates (for instance) 3 times what happens 3 times (repetition/ repetitive effect)

Question 18

Multi-singulative

Answer 18

narrates several times what happens once

Question 19

Iterative

Answer 19

narrated once, happened more often (habitual actions)

Question 20

Matrix Narrative

Answer 20

a story within a story, main narrator tells a story (frame narrative/first degree narrative) in which character tells another story (hypo-narrative/second degree narrative)

Question 21

Narrative Situation

Answer 21

Shaping the level of mediation
Concerns the way a story is mediated
Many (conflicting) theories, many (contradictory) terms
Form
Format
Focalisation
View
Mode

Question 22

Form of Narration

Answer 22

WHERE the narrator is situated vis-à-vis the fictional world; ABOUT WHOM the story is told

Question 23

Autodiegetic

Answer 23

narrator is part of narrated world and tells his own story, 1st person narration (not all of the time, but most)

Question 24

Homodiegetic

Answer 24

narrator is part of narrated story but not the protagonist

Question 25

Heterodiegetic

Answer 25

narrator is outside narrated story

Question 26

Diegesis

Answer 26

story /world in which story is taking place