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Musculoskeletal System > Session 8 - Shoulder > Flashcards

Session 8 - Shoulder Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the technical name of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumoral joint - humerus and glenoid fossa

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2
Q

What are the 2 other joints in the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

Acromioclavicular joint

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3
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Articulation of sternum and clavicle

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4
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Scapula and clavicle

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5
Q

What is glenoid labrum?

A

Rim of fibrocartilaginous tissue around edge of glenoid cavity

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6
Q

What are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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7
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament join?

A

Coracoid process of scapula with clavicle

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8
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Attach coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus

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9
Q

What is the function of transverse humoral ligament?

A

Creates a tunnel between greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus to allow long head of biceps to pass

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10
Q

What does the coraco-acromial ligament do?

A

Provides roof of subacromial space, a tunnel above glenohumeral joint that allows passage of supraspinatus ligament

Prevents superior dislocation of humerus when falling on outstretched hand

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11
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of shoulder originate and insert?

A

Originate from torso and insert onto bones of shoulder

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12
Q

Where do the intrinsic shoulder muscles originate and insert?

A

Originate from scapula/clavicle and insert onto humerus

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13
Q

What are the 2 superficial extrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

What are the 3 deep extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Legatos scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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15
Q

What does the trapezius muscle do?

A

Upper fibres elevate scapula and rotate during abduction of arm >90 degrees
Middle retract scapula
Lower pull scapula inferiorly

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16
Q

What are the 3 actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extend
Adduct
Medially rotate

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17
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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18
Q

What are the 3 deep extrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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19
Q

What is the action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevate scapula

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20
Q

What is the levator scapulae innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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21
Q

What are the 2 rhomboid muscles?

A

Major and minor

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22
Q

What is the function of rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts scapula

Returns arm to anatomically position after previous abduction of arm above 90

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23
Q

What is rhomboid minor innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

What is rhomboid major innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
What is the function of rhomboid major?
Retract scapula | Helps return to original position after abduction of arm above 90 degrees
26
What is the scapulohumeral group of muscles?
Intrinsic muscles originating from scapula and inserting on humerus
27
What are the 6 intrinsic muscles of shoulder?
Deltoid Teres major Rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor)
28
What are the 3 parts of the deltoid muscle?
Anterior Middle Posterior
29
What is the action of anterior fibres of deltoid muscle?
Flex and medially rotate arm
30
What is the function of middle fibres of deltoid muscle?
Abduct arm from 15-90 degrees
31
What is the function of posterior fibres of deltoid muscle?
Extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder
32
What is the deltoid muscle innervated by?
Axillary nerve
33
What is the 3 actions of teres major?
Adduct Extend Medially rotate
34
What is the teres major innervated by?
Lower subscapular nerve
35
What are the 4 muscles of rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor
36
What is the overall function of rotator cuff?
Pull humoral head onto glenoid fossa
37
What is the function of supraspinatus?
Abduct arm from 0-15, assist deltoid in abducting arm from 15-90
38
What is the supraspinatus innervated by?
Suprascapular nerve
39
What is the infraspinatus innervated by?
Suprascapular nerve
40
What is the action of infraspinatus?
Lateral rotation of arm
41
What is the subscapularis innervated by?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
42
What is the action of subscapularis?
Medial rotation
43
What is teres minor innervate by?
Axillary nerve
44
What is the action of teres minor?
Lateral rotation
45
What are the 4 muscles in the arm?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii
46
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis
47
What are the 3 actions of biceps brachii?
Elbow flexion Shoulder flexion Supination
48
What is the biceps brachii innervated by?
Musculocutaneous nerve
49
What are the 2 actions of coracobrachialis?
Shoulder flexion | Adductor arm
50
What is the coracobrachialis innervated by?
Musculocutaneous nerve
51
What is the action of brachialis?
Elbow flexion
52
What is the brachialis innervated by?
Musculocutaneous nerve
53
What is the action of triceps brachii?
Extend forearm at elbow
54
What is the triceps brachii innervate by?
Radial nerve
55
What is the quadrangular space?
Route via the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humoral artery and vein enter the posterior compartment of the arm
56
What is the triangular space?
Passageway through which the circumflex scapular vessels enter the infraspinatus fossa - no nerves
57
What is the triangular interval?
Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery are visible at its base
58
What is a bursa?
Fluid filled sac that provides a cushion between a tendon and a bone to allow a smooth gliding action of tendon
59
What are the 2 shoulder bursae?
Subacromial bursa and subscapular bursa
60
What is the subacromial bursa?
Reduce friction as supraspinatus tendon passing under the overlying coraco-acromioclavicular ligament, acromion, coracoid process
61
What is the subscapular bursa?
Protect tendon of subscapularis muscle as it passes inferior to root of coracoid process and over neck of scapula
62
What is the subacromial space?
Space between coraco-acromial arch and humerus head
63
What are the 4 structures in subacromial space?
Subacromial bursa Supraspinatus tendon Joint capsule Long head of biceps
64
What are the 2 muscles abducting the shoulder?
0-15: supraspinatus | 15-90: deltoid
65
What are the 3 muscles adducting the shoulder?
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
66
What are the 4 muscles that flex shoulder?
Anterior fibres of deltoid Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii
67
What are the 3 muscles that does shoulder extension?
Posterior fibres of deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major
68
What are the 4 muscles that carries out internal rotation of shoulders?
Subscapularis Teres major Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi
69
What are the 2 muscles that carry out external rotation of shoulders?
Infraspinatus | Teres minor
70
What are the 4 muscles of rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
71
What are the 6 static stabilizers of the shoulder joint?
``` Congruency of humoral head and glenoid cavity Glenoid labrum Joint capsule Glenohumeral ligaments Extra capsular ligaments Negative intra articular pressure ```
72
What are the 2 dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder joint?
Rotator cuff muscles | Extrinsic muscles crossing shoulder joint
73
What are the 3 arteries supplying shoulder joint?
Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Suprascapular artery
74
What are the majority of shoulder dislocations?
Anterior
75
What is a Bankart lesion or labra tear?
When glenoid labrum is torn off because humeral head popped out of socket
76
What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?
Dent in the posterolateral humeral head
77
What is the most common complication of shoulder dislocation?
Recurrent dislocation due to damage to stabilizing tissues surrounding shoulder
78
What is impingement syndrome?
When supraspinatus tendon rubs or catches on coraco-acromial arch, leading to irritation and inflammation
79
What are the symptoms of impingement syndrome?
Pain, weakness and reduced range of motion during abduction and flexion Painful arc between 60-120 degrees of abduction
80
What is calcification supraspinatus tendinopathy?
Presence of macroscopic deposits of hydroxyapatite in tendon of supraspinatus
81
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder, painful and disabling disorder where capsule of glenohumeral joint becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting movement and causing chronic pain

Musculoskeletal System (9 decks)

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