Sexual Behaviour

Question 1

What is sexual dimorphism?

Answer 1

the difference in forms of sexes

Question 2

How is external sex defined?

Answer 2

defined in both medical and lay terms by outward appearance of individual by birth (external genitalia)

Question 3

How is internal sex defined?

Answer 3

defined by internal reproductive organs

Question 4

What is the chromosomal sex for a genetic male?

Answer 4

XY

Question 5

What is the chromosomal sex for a genetic female?

Answer 5

XX

Question 6

What are primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 6

different genitals

Question 7

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 7

apparent during puberty
change in figure and voice

Question 8

What is sexual behaviour associated with?

Answer 8

mate selection

Question 9

What is sexual identity?

Answer 9

does not always coincide with a person’s anatomical sex

Question 10

How many pairs of chomosomes do humans have and how many in total?

Answer 10

23 pairs
46 in total

Question 11

How many pairs of autosomes do humans have and how many pairs of sex chromosomes do they have?

Answer 11

22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosome

Question 12

What does meiosis lead to?

Answer 12

leads to gametes such as sperm (X and Y) and ova (X and X) being developed

Question 13

In the 7th week in males, what does the Dry gene on Y chromosome trigger?

Answer 13

the synthesis of Sry protein

Question 14

What does the Sry protein do?

Answer 14

stimulates the medulla of the primordial gonad to develop into a testis
produces 2 hormones: androgen testosterone and AMH

Question 15

What do females not have without the Y chromosome?

Answer 15

they have no SRY gene
no Sry protein is produced

Question 16

Females are homo…

Answer 16

homogametic
(one type of gamete)

Question 17

Males are hetero…

Answer 17

heterogametic
(two types of gamete)

Question 18

In other specifies such as moth and butterflies, females are…. and males are….?

Answer 18

females are heterogametic
males are homogametic
system is reversed

Question 19

What are the 3 stages of human embryonic development?

Answer 19

cells divide
migrate
specialise

Question 20

after 6 weeks of conception, all embryos are what?

Answer 20

still physically identical

Question 21

What are Müllerian ducts?

Answer 21

have the potential to develop into female internal organs

Question 22

What are Wolffian ducts?

Answer 22

have the potential to develop into male sexual organ

Question 23

At end of 2nd month of pregnancy, what 4 structures begin to develop?

Answer 23

1- glans
2- urethral fold
3- lateral body
3- labioscrotal swelling

Question 24

What is puberty?

Answer 24

transitional period between childhood and adulthood

Question 25

how many stages of puberty?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

In girls what stage does breast development start?

Answer 26

in stage 2 8-14 years old

Question 27

What releases growth hormones?

Answer 27

the anterior pituitary growth hormones act on bone and muscle tissue

Question 28

What is LH and FSH known as?

Answer 28

gonadotropic hormones controls development of primary sexual characteristics and internal systems

Question 29

What is the male-specific sexual maturation?

Answer 29

FSH and LH testes: start to produce sperm, increase in release of testosterone Some testosterone is converted into dihydrotestosterone which triggers growth of penis

Question 30

What is the female-specific sexual maturation?

Answer 30

FHS and LH Ovaries: stimulated to release estradiol overtime release first ova , menstrual cycle begins estrogen and progesterone co-ordinate cycle

Question 31

What does ACTH trigger?

Answer 31

the adrenal cortex to then release adrenal hormones

Question 32

What does the release of adrenal hormones mean?

Answer 32

means development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 33

Gonadal and adrenal sex hormones are what?

Answer 33

steroids

Question 34

How is the brain masculinised?

Answer 34

by perinatal estradiol that has been aromatised from testosterone

Question 35

How do females brains not get masculinised by estradiol?

Answer 35

alpha fetoprotein binds to and deactivated circulating estradiol

Question 36

what is testosterone immune to?

Answer 36

alpha fetoprotein - can't get past blood brain barrier and testosterone travels to the brain

Question 37

What are organisational effects?

Answer 37

prenatal development of nervous system

Question 38

What are activational effects?

Answer 38

puberty and adulthood activation of nervous system

Question 39

What is behavioural masculinisation?

Answer 39

Androgen-stimulated development of the brain areas respond to testosterone in adulthood produce male sexual behaviour

Question 40

What is behavioural defeminisation?

Answer 40

The inhibitory effects of androgens on the development of female brain areas stop the production of female sexual behaviour