SFP: breast pathology I Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is gynecomastia
Benign hyperplastic breast tissue seen in men usually during puberty or in the elderly
What causes gynecomastia
Increased estrogens or decreased testicular androgens. Can also be caused by medications
What is mammogram useful for
Characteristics of/identifying mass lesions and calcifications, as well as tracking them over time
What is ultrasound useful for
Mass lesions, often in conjunction with mammogram!
What is breast MRI useful for
Usually after diagnosis or following suspicious mammogram. Not very specific but very sensitive
What is true of breast cancer if you live in the west
It is more likely. You don’t even have to be from the west, just living there
What is mastitis
Inflammation of the breast, often due to infection during breast feeding
What pathogen is often associated with mastitis
Staph aureus
What are two autoimmune breast diseases
Diabetic mastopathy and sarcoidosis
What is a silicone granuloma
Inflammatory process occurring from silicone breast implant rupture. Kinda looks like fat necrosis due to large white droplets of silicone on H&E
Describe fibroadenomas
Biphasic (stromal and epithelial) lesion often in young women that are driven by estrogen. They are well defined and look nodular
What is the most common breast tumor
Fibroadenoma
What is phyllodes tumor
A biphasic tumor that looks leaflike and may have malignant potential
Describe benign phyllodes tumor
Well circumscribed with few mitoses
Describe borderline phyllodes tumor
Increased mitoses and cellularity. Local recurrence is possible.
Describe malignant phyllodes tumor
Stromal overgrowth and atypical mitoses. Metastases is possible.
What are clinical implications of fibrocystic change
They can be mass forming and have variable associations with risk for developing breast cancer
Compare risks of non-proliferative, proliferative, and atypical fibrocystic change
Non-proliferative doesn’t carry additional risk of cancer, while the other two do, proliferative change have a 1-2x risk, while atypical change has a 4-5x risk
What are examples of non-proliferative fibrocystic change
Cysts, fibrosis, adenosis
what is adenosis
glandular change in the breast; it is a non-proliferative form of fibrocystic change and thus doesnt carry cancer risk
What defines proliferative fibrocystic change
Epithelial and myoepithelial hyperplasia
What are examples of proliferative fibrocystic change
Sclerosing adenosis, papilloma, usual duct hyperplasia, complex sclerosing lesion
what is intraductal papilloma
a proliferative form of fibrocystic change that presents with bloody nipple discharge
what is usual duct hyperplasia
increased cellularity of the ducts in the breast. it is proliferative fibrocystic change and thus carries some potential cancer risk
