SFP: congenital anomalies Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is infant mortality?
When a child dies within the first year of life
When do congenital anomalies tend to cause death?
Usually within the first year of life, but may extend up to 14 years of life
What is the rate of infant mortality in the US?
Around 6.1
What is a sequence?
A collection of issues resulting from a domino effect
What is a syndrome?
A collection of findings not caused by one another, and all caused by some underlying thing
What are causes of malformations?
Environment, chromosomes, multifactorial, unknown
Atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects are examples of…
Congenital malformations
Polycystic kidney disease and horseshoe kidney are examples of…
Congenital malformations
Fusion or extra fingers are examples of…
Malformations
Cleft lip/palate are examples of…
Malformations
What is atresia?
The absence of an opening due to lack of development of a lumen
Microcephaly with unknown cause is an example of…
Malformation
Microcephaly due to zika virus in a pregnant mother is an example of…
Deformation/disruption; development would have been normal otherwise
What is acephaly?
Lack of development of the brain; example of severe malformation
What is situs inversus?
Organs are on opposite sides compared to where they should be due to a malformation
What is situs inversus associated with?
Higher incidence of cardiac issues
What is aplasia?
Lack of development of a tissue
Radial dysplasia is seen in…
Trisomy 18
What is hypoplasia?
Underdevelopment of tissue
What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Weak or improper formation of diaphragm leads to intestine protruding into the chest cavity and may lead to hypoplasia of the lung
What is amniotic band syndrome?
A deformation/disruption resulting in amputation due to amniotic membranes getting loose and wrapping around the limbs or other body part
What are rocker bottom feet?
Bottom of the foot protrudes outward. May result from a malformation or deformation depending on the cause
Overlapping digits are an example of…
Either malformation or deformation
Describe potter sequence.
Low amniotic fluid due to issues with the kidneys leads to pulmonary hypoplasia and various morphologic features like rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers, beak nose, overall compression
