Shit - Resp UWorld Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

Exercise on arterial and venous values

A

Arterial normal; venous altered

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2
Q

CTFR mutation causes

A

altered post-translational processing of ATP-bincdin-cassette transmembrane Cl- transporter

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3
Q

Cheyne-Stokes causes and patters

A

CHF
Neuro (stroke, brain tumour, TBI)

Delayed response and increased sensitivity to PCO2

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4
Q

Theophylline OD

A

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea; seizures (high M+M), arrhythmia (Rx = b-blockers)

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5
Q

why does hyperventilation cause dizziness?

A

Decreased PCO2 so body thinks you have high PO2 so cerebral vessels constrict in auto regulation to prevent “intracranial HTN”. VC decreases BF causing dizziness, blurred vision, weakness

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6
Q

MOA chronic bronchitis vs. emphysema

A

CB = narrowed airways, less air thru. Emph = dilates alveoli; decreased ability of deoxygenated blood in vessels to contact the air in the alveoli

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7
Q

Dyspnea with dry cough, insidious, sub pleural cysts, restrictive pattern =

A

Idiopathic/usual progressive pulmonary fibrosis

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8
Q

honeycomb lung =

A

indiopathic/usual progressive pulmonary fibrosis

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9
Q

What are mycelia acids

A

Long, branched, saturated FAs

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10
Q

true vs false vocal cord linings

A

true = start squam. false (and vestibule) = respiratory.

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11
Q

drug that needs activation by catalase-peroxidase

A

INH

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12
Q

where is rRNA transcribed, and by what?

A

Nucelolus; RNA pol-I

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13
Q

aspiration pneumonia via what (where from body and bugs)

A

oropharynx.

fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus, bacteroides

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14
Q

eggshell calcifications and birefringent crystals

A

silicosis

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15
Q

coal macules

A

Macrophages full of carbon

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16
Q

INH AE

A

Neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy (rx by B6), hepatotoxicity, sideroblastic anemia, SLE-like

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17
Q

Quitting smoking drugs

A

Bupropion, varenicline (partial agonist)

18
Q

tissue destruction in MTB mediated by:

A

hypersensitivity reaction

19
Q

Probability of kid getting AR disease =

A

Parent carrier % x parent carrier % x 1/4

20
Q

Baro-R vs chemo-Rs: names and what they respond to

A

Peripheral:
Aortic arch and carotid sinus = BP
Carotid body and aortic body = O2 (CO2, H+)

Central:
Medulla = CO2 (via H+/pH)

21
Q

pulmonary C-fibres

A

= stretch receptors; prevent lung over-inflation

22
Q

what causes pus to be green?

A

Myeloperoxidase from neutrophil azurophilic granules

23
Q

MAC (vs MTB): s/s, host, prophylaxis

A

MAC:
s/s = like TB, but also hits reticuloendothelial system so anemia, hepatosplenomegally, high LDH, high ALP. Also grows best @41C (MTB doesn’t).
Host = HIV CD4

24
Q

Nerve near piriform recess

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal n = afferent of gag reflex

25
A-a calculation
150 - PaCO2/0.8
26
Why would a kid with CF present with signs of hedydration?
Excessive sweating, leads to SODIUM loss (not water), which causes an intravascular volume contraction
27
MTB drugs that works at acidic pH?
Pyrazinamide: works in INTRAcellular (within macrophage)) MTB, because it works best in acidic environments like the phago-lysosome
28
where is airflow resistance highest in the lungs and why
sections 2-5 because of turbulent flow [so resistance increases then drastically decreases as you do down the lung divisions]
29
neutrophil chemotaxis via:
C5a, LTB4, IL-8, 5-HETE (LT precursor)
30
Atelectasis
collapse of lung (can be partial, i.e. ARDS)
31
Pancoast tumour vs. SVC syndrome
Pancoast has SVC syndrome as a component, but also has horners and shoulder pain and hoarseness due to apical location. SVC syndrome can occur with a mediastinal mass, thus blocks SVC but is NOT found in apex so no horners or shoulder pain. MCC = lung cancer and NHL
32
mesothelioma histology
long thin microvilli with lots of tonofilaments
33
pathophysiology of high ESR
Injury --> neutrophils and macrophages ---> release TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6 -> cause liver to release acute phase reactants --> one of them is fibrinogen --> RBC rouleaux --> faster sedimentation than normal (individual) RBCs
34
Pancoast tumour pain dermatomes
C8, T1, T2
35
size of particles (URT vs cilia vs dust cells)
URT = 10-15 nm. cilia = 2.5-10nm. dust =
36
LTs in asthma
C4, D4, E4
37
Scleroderma + CREST and lung problems
pulmonary arterioles damages --> pulmonary HTN, loud S2 (increased back pressure on pull valve), and signs of RHF
38
Capillary wedge pressure in ARDS
NORMAL! Non-cariogenic cause of pulmonary edema
39
Compliance in ARDS
Decreased
40
Decreased compliance caused by:
pulmonary fibrosis, insufficient surfactant, pulmonary edema