Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Jenna's Shit List > Shit -Respiratory > Flashcards

Shit -Respiratory Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

club cell functions

A
  • Secrete component of surfactant
  • degrade toxins
  • Reserve cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VIP surfactant lecithin

A

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio

A

>2 in amniotic fluid = mature lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aspiration: upright vs supine

A

upright = inferior of R. inf. lobe

supine = superior of R. inf. lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Collapsing pressure on alveoli equation

A

Pc = 2 (ST) / r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physiological deadspace calculation

A

phys deadspace = anatomical + alveolar

VD = VT + VA

P1V1 = P2V2

VA*PA = VT*PT

(VT-VD)*PaCO2 = PECO2*VT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lung area providing most of alveolr dead space

A

Apex

(because decreased BF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Minute ventilation

A

=VT*RR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

= VA*RR

= (VT - VD)*RR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Taut vs Relaxed Hb

A

Taut = tissues = low affinity for oxygen

Relaxed = respiratory = high affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hb exhibits:

A

positive cooperativity and negative allosterity (23DPG decreases affinity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cheynne stokes breathing:

A

delayed response but high sensitivity to PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MetHb: what, how, s/s, rx, use

A

Hb 3+

Nitrites, benzocaine, dapsone

s/s = cyanosis/dusky skin (baby with sulfa drug)

Rx = Vitamin C + methylene blue

Use: rx for cyanode poisoning (Hb3+ has increased affinity for cyanide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cyanide poisoning s/s

A

rapidly developing tachypnea, tachycardia, flushing, HA, NV, confusion, weakness

Severe lactic acidosis with low A-V gradient

Burnt almond smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left shift seen with:

A

CO

Fetal Hb (dereased 23DPG binding)

Myoglobin (no + cooperativity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Perfusoin vs. diffusion limited

A

Perfusion = normal

Diffusion = emphysema or fibrosis

During exercise still perfusion, but close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PVR equation

A

PVR = (Ppulm a. - Pwedge (LA) )/CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alveolar gas equation

A

PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HYpoxemia (low PaO2) via:

A

High altitude

Hypoventilation

V/Q mismatch

Diffusion-limited

right-to-left shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where in lung are ventilation and perfusion greatest?

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shunt vs dead space

A

shunt = V/Q = 0

(no ventilation; blood shunted away)

deadspace = V/Q = œ

(no blodo flow, so like a dead space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Exercise and VQ

A

increases Q at apex via vasodilation; lung zones more uniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Haldane vs Bohr

A

Haldane = lung

Bohn = peripher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bacterial superimposed infections on rhinosinutisis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. flu
m. catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Samter's triad
ASA-intolerance: - asthma - nasal polyps - bronchospasms
26
Epistaxis locations
MC = ant = Kisselback plexus Most severe = post = sphenopalatine artery
27
pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia and tachypnea
PE
28
Fat embolism triad
- Hypoxemia - Neurological - Petechial rash
29
PE test
CT angiography
30
Reid index
Chronic bronchitis \>50% from LP to MP is glands
31
Curshman spirals vs. Charcot-leyden crystals
Curshman spirals = shed epithileum Charcot = eosinophil breakdown releases MBP; hexagonal double-needle crystals
32
pulsus paradoxus seen in:
cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, croup, asthma, OSA
33
Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi: disease, causes
Bronchiectasis Poor ciliary motility (CF, Kartageners, smoking), bronchial obstructions (tumour, foreign body), allergic bronchopulmonary asthma
34
Elastase: from where, what breaks it down?
PMN; A1-AT Macrophages; TIMPS
35
sarcoidosis causes increased:
Ca and ACE
36
Restrictive disease with eosinophilic granulomas
langerhans cell histiocytosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis
37
drugs causing restrictive lung disease
Bleomycin, busulfan, MTX, amiodarone
38
Decreased FVC and FEV1 seen in:
BOTH obstructive and restrictive obstructive has much lower FEV1
39
Hypersensitiyivty pneumonitis: who, s/s, histo
farmer/bird people s/s = dyspnea, cough, tight chest, headache histo = type III and IV (non-caseating granulomas in alveoli)
40
pneumoconiosis complications
cor pulmonale Caplan syndrome: RA + intrapulmonary nodules
41
lobe and pneumoconiosis
Lower = asbestos Uppers = beryliosis, coal workers, silliosis
42
pneumoconiosis with pleural and superdiaphragmatic nodules
Asbestosis
43
ferruginous bodies
asbestosis; golden-brown dumbbells in alveolar septae
44
Job and pneumoconiosis: - roofer, plummer, shipbuilder - aerospace + manufacturing - coal - foundries, sandblasting, mines
- roofer, plummer, shipbuilder: asbestosis - aerospace + manufacturing: berylliosis - coal: CWP - foundries, sandblasting, mines: sillicosis
45
lecithin:spingomyelin
NRDS
46
complications of NRDS:
metabolic acidosis PDA necrotizing enterocolitis
47
complications of NRDS Rx (supplemental O2)
Retinopathy of prematurity Intraventricular hemorhage Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
48
Causes of ARDS
trauma, sepsis, shock, **gastric aspiration**, **uremia,** backterial pneumonia, **acute pancreatitis, amniotic fluid embolism**
49
complications of nocturnal hypoxia in sleep apnea
systemic/pulmonary HTN arrythmyas (a fib//flutter) sudden death
50
plexiform lesions
tufts of capillaries after long term PulmHTN
51
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
1' = BMPR2 activating mutation (2 hits), AD, variable penetrance, no prevention of sm proliferation 2' = long-term cocaine/amphetamines (appetitie suppressants), CT disease, HIV, portal HTN, congenital heart disease, schistosomiasis. Pther 2' PHTN: hypoxic VC, lung destructoin, recurrent microthrombi
52
Trachea movements and lung lesiosn
AWAY = large pleural effusion or tension pneumothorax TOWARDS = atelectasis or simple pneumothorax
53
increased fremitus
consolidation ONLY i.e. lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema
54
signs of consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema)
- tactile fremitus - dull resonance - bronchial breath sounds - late inspiratory crackles
55
chylothorax via:
Thoracic duct injury (left) from trauma or malignancy
56
Lung abscess: via disease + bugs; classic sign, Rx
Disease = aspiratoin of OROPHARYNGEAL contents or bronochial obstruction Bugs = fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus, bacteroides, s. aureus Classic sign = air-fluid level Rx = clindamycin (anaerobes above diaphragm)
57
Mesothelioma can cause:
hemorrhagic pleural effusion (exudate), pleural thickening, psammomma bodies
58
mesothelioma RFs
asbestos (MC cause lung cancer) **_NOT_** smoking
59
Pancoast tumour can casue: (4)
SVC syndrome [also via catheter thrombosis] Horners hoarseness sensorimotor deficits
60
lung cancers mets to: lung cancer mets from:
TO: adrenals, brain, bone, liver FROM: breast, colon, brostate, bladder
61
Paraneoplastics in lung cancer:
small cell = ACTH, SIADH, Lamber-Eaton Squamous cell = PTHrp
62
Gene mutatoins in lung cancers:
small cell = amplification of L-myc adenoCA = activating mutations in KRAS, EGFR, ALK Squamous cell = erb-B1
63
Markers in lung cancer
small = neuroendocrine (chromogrannin A, synaptophysin, enolase, neurophysin); kulchinsky cells Adeno = mucin Squamous = keratin and intercellular bridges large = b-HCG brochial carcinoid = neuroendocrine
64
chemo vs surgery for lung cancer:
small cell = chemo large cell = surgery

Jenna's Shit List (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions