Flashcards in Shoulder Deck (17):
1
What are the routine views of the shoulder?
- AP in IR
- AP in ER
- WB vs NWB of AC joint
- Scapula AP
- Scapula Lateral
2
What can should be noted when comparing WB vs NWB views of the AC joint?
- AC gap
- Coracoclavicular gap
for ligament sprains
3
What 4 things is the axillary view of the shoulder useful in evaluating?
- Coracoid
- Rim of glenoid
- Humeral head and shape
- Subluxation/ dislocation
4
What is the scapular Y lateral view of the shoulder useful in evaluating?
- GH dislocations
- Subacromial space
5
How is the patient oriented in relation to the image receptor for the scapula AP view?
- Image posterior to patient
- Shoulder abducted 90 degrees and externally rotated.
- Should position causes scap to be abducted, upwardly rotated, and clear of the rib cage laterally
- Otherwise in AP
6
How is the patient oriented in relation to the image receptor for the scapula lateral view?
- Patient sidelying with the scapula being evaluated positioned upwards towards the x-ray beam
- Shoulder flexed to 90 degrees, horizontally adducted to free view of scap
- Elbow flexed for comfort
- Arm positioned across front of the Pt's chest to free the body of the scap from superimposition of the humeral shaft.
- The arm may be positioned behind the Pt's back to free the acromion and coracoid processes from superimposition of the humeral head
7
How is the patient oriented in relation to the image receptor for the axillary view?
- Shoulder abducted 90 degrees
- Patient supine or prone
- Image receptor placed on superior aspect of shoulder
- X-ray beam passes inferiolateral to superiormedial through the joint
8
What is the more technical name of the axillary view?
- inferiosuperor axial projection of GH joint
9
How is the patient orient in relation to the image receptor for the scapular Y lateral view?
- patient is standing facing the image receptor with their affected shoulder in direct contact, but their body canted at an angle of 60 degrees.
- X-ray enters joint perpendicular to image receptor
10
What is the more technical name of the scapular Y lateral view?
- anterior oblique view of the shoulder
11
What two fractures/ bony deformities may occur due to GH dislocations?
- Bankart fracture of glenoid
- Hill-sachs deformity of humeral head
12
What is a bankart fracture?
- Pocket at front of glenoid forms that the humeral head dislocates into anteriorly
13
What is a hill-sachs lesion?
Compressed posterolateral head of humerus due to forceful impaction of the humerus into the anterioinferior glenoid.
14
What is a primary impingement? What are some examples of them in the shoulder joint?
- Skeletal or structural problem
- Spurs (hooked acromion)
15
What is secondary impingement, and what is an example in the shoulder?
- Changes in muscle lead to compression of tissue against bony structures
- Deltoid/ rotator cuff imbalance leads to humeral head being pulled superiorly
16
How can impingements be viewed in radiographic studies?
- Dislocation of bones into impingement
- Calcific deposits indicating injury
- Bone spurs
- White masses in tendons in T-2 MRI indicating tears
17