Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
What does the musculoskeletal system consis of?
A
- Bone or skeletal system
- Muscles or muscular system
- Joints
2
Q
what is another name for bone tissue?
A
Osseous Tissue
3
Q
Name and breifly describe the functions osseous tissue performs.
A
- Supports.
- support for soft tissue
- provides site of attachment for tendons connecting to muscles
- Protection
- protects internal organs, brain, spinal cord, lungs reproductive organs, heart
- Assists in movement
- works with muscles to move the body
- Mineral Homeostasis
- stores and maintains mineral balance in body
- key elements are calcium and phosphorus
- Blood cell production
- process called hematopoiesis
- forms red blood cells
- produced by red bone marrow
- process called hematopoiesis
- Triglyceride storage
- lipid storage in yellow bone marrow
4
Q
What is red bone marrow?
A
- a connective tissue
- -produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- uses a process call hematopoiesis
5
Q
What is yellow bone marrow?
A
site of triglyceride storage
6
Q
What is bone tissue?
A
a type of connective tissue composed of cells and a matrix
7
Q
what are the different types of cells found in bone tissue?
A
- osteoblasts
- synthesize the matrix
- form new bone
- osteoclasts
- break down bone for repair, growth, and maintenance
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts
- become trapped in the matrix they secrete
- maintain bone
8
Q
What are the components of bone matrix?
A
- collagen fibers
- provide flexibility and tensil strength
- minerals for hardness
- calcium phosphate
- Hydroxyapatite
- calcium phosphate
9
Q
What are the 2 types of bone tissue
A
- Compact (dense)
- Spongy (cancellous)
10
Q
Describe compact bone tissue
A
- Makes up exterior layers of bones
- provides strength and protection
- functional units are called osteons or haversion system
11
Q
What are the components that make up an osteon of compact bone.
A
- concentric lamella
- concentric rings of mineralized collagen fibers
- osteocytes
- orientated around the central canal
- Central Canal
- contains blood vessels and lymphatic ducts
12
Q
Describe spongy bone
A
- found inside flat bones
- composed of trebeculae
- irregular lattice-works or plates of bone that contain mineralized calcium
- osteocytes are in a disorganized fashion
- space in the bone contain red bone marrow
- blood circulates directly through red bone marrow
- no central canal
13
Q
Name the bones that contain spongy bone
A
- pelvic girtle
- ribs
- vertebrae
- skull
- epiphysis of long bones
14
Q
name the types of bone classification based on shape
A
- Flat bones
- long bones
- other
- short
- irregular
- sesmoid
15
Q
Describe flat bone. Their role and provide examples of these bones
A
- Thin with spongy bone found between 2 compact bone
- Main role is protection
- Examples
- cranial bones
- sternum (breastbone)
- ribs
- scapula
16
Q
Describe long bone and provide examples
A
- longer than they are wide
- curved to absorb forces exerted by the weight of the body
- Examples
- legs
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
- arms
- humerous
- radius
- ulna
- legs
17
Q
What are examples of short bone
A
- carpal bones
- phlanges
18
Q
Give examples of irregular bones
A
- vertebrae
19
Q
What is an example of a sesmoid bone
A
patella
20
Q
List and describe the structure of long bone
A
- Diaphysis
- shaft
- Epiphysis
- both ends of bone
- houses red bone marrow
- distal or proximal epiphysis
- Metaphysis
- region of mature bone
- epiphysis joints diaphysis
- growing bones also includes growth plate
- growth plate called Epiphyseal Plate
- Medullary Cavity
- marrow cavity of diaphysis
- contains fatty yellow bone marrow
- Periosteum
- key for bone growth in diameter
- repair of fractures
- nutrition
- Nutrient foremen
- nutrient arteries enter the diaphysis
- supply blood to diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis
- Articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage layer
- convers each end of long bone
- function to reduce friction at the joint
21
Q
What is the periosteum
A
- Connectie tissue with blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and various types of bone cells
- covers surface of the bone
22
Q
Name the bones and regions on the anterior and posterior human skeleton diagram.
A
Check your answers
23
Q
What are the two divisions of bones on the skeleton
A
- Axial
- Appendicular
24
Q
What are the bones that make up the axial skeleton?
A
- Cranium
- skull and facial bones
- Hyoid bone
- attach to base of tongue
- Auditory Ossicles
- middle ear bones
- sternum
- also called breastbone
- where most ribs attach
- ribs
- 12 pair
- Vertibral Column
25
How are ribs divided in the body
* True Ribs
* 7 pair
* directly attach to the sternum with cartilage
* False ribs
* 3 pairs of ribs have no direct attachment to the sternum
* last 2 ribs are floating
* have no attachment to sternum
26
Name the different regions of the vertibral column and the number of bones in each region
* Cervical
* 7
* Thoracic - 12
* Lumbar - 5
* Sacrum - 1
* bones are joined together
* coceyx - 1
* bones are joined together to make up tail bone
27
Name the bones that make up the appendicular Skeleton
* Pectoral Girtle (shoulder blade)
* clavicle
* scapula
* Upper Extremeties
* Humerous (arm)
* Radius and Ulna (forearm)
* Carpals (wrist)
* Metacarpals (hand)
* Phlanges (fingers)
* Pelvic Girtle
* Pubis
* Ilium
* Ischium
* Lower Extremeties
* Femurs (thigh)
* tibia and fibula (lower leg)
* tarsals (Ankle)
* metatarsals (foot)
* phlanges or digits
28
Name and describe the depressions of bone surface markings
* Fissure
* Foremen
* Fossa
* Sulcus
* Meatus
29
Name the processes that form joints of bone surface markings
* condyle
* Facet
* Head
30
Name the bone surface marking processes that serve as attachment points for connective tissue
* Crest
* Line
* Spinous Process
* Trochanter
* Tubericle
* Tuberosity
31
List the name of the key bony landmarks of the scapula
* Acromion
* coracoid process
* spine
* Glenoid Cavity
* supraspinous fossa
* infraspinous fossa
32
List the names of key boney landmarks of the pelvic bones
* ilium bone
* Ischium bone
* pubic bone
* Iliac crest
* Obturator Foramen
* Acetabulum (socket of leg)
* pubic symphysis
* lines and spines
33
List the names of key bony landmarks of the lumbar vertebra
* Spinous Process
* Transverse process
* body
* vertebral foremen
* Facets
* Intervertebral foreman
* Intervertebral disks
34
List the key bony landmarks of the femur
* Head (coxal and hip joint)
* greater trochanter
* lesser trochanter
* body
* medial epicondyle
* lateral epicondyle
* medial condyle
* lateral condyle
35
List the key landmarks of the skull
* Frontal
* Parietal
* Temporal
* Occipital
* Mandible
* Maxila
* Zygomatic bone
* Foremen magnum (inferior middle of skull where vertebra would be)
* occipital foremen
* external auditory meatus
36
Describe fissure bone depression marking
* narrow slit btween adjacent bones
* for passage of vessels or nerves
37
Describe Foremen Depression marking
* opening in bone
* for passage of vessels, nerves, or ligaments
38
Describe Fossa depression bone marking
shallow depressed area
39
Describe sulcus depression surface marking
* groove along the surface of a bone
* allows passage of vessels, nerves, and tendons
40
Describe meatus depression bone marking
* tube-like
41
Decribe the joint surface marking: Condyle
* round articular area
42
Decribe the joint surface marking: Head
* rounded articular area
* supported in neck of bone
43
Decribe the joint surface marking: Facet
* smooth flat articular area
44
Describe the attachment point bone marking: Crest
* ridgid bone, elongated projection
45
Describe the attachment point bone marking: Line
* long, narrow ridge or boarder
* less prominent then a crest
46
Describe the attachment point bone marking: epicondyle
projection above a condyle
47
Describe the attachment point bone marking: spinous process
sharp slender projection
48
Describe the attachment point bone marking: trochanter
very large projection
49
Describe the attachment point bone marking:tubercle
small rounded projection
50
Describe the attachment point bone marking: tuberosity
* large rounded projection
* usually rough
