Skeletal System

Question 1

The Human skeletal system comprises of?

Answer 1

all bones, tendons, cartilage and ligaments of the body.

Question 2

Human Skeletal makes up nearly ______ of average human’s body weight.

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

It composed of around _____ bones at birth = fuse together overtime = _____ by the time human reaches adulthood.

Answer 3

270
206

Question 4

It provides the structural support for the human body and protects all the organs.

Answer 4

Skeletal System

Question 5

Skeletal System is separated into 2 categories depending on purpose and location .

Answer 5

Axial Skeleton Appendicular skeleton

Question 6

Axial Skeleton has how many bones?

Answer 6

80 bones

Question 7

Axial Skeleton includes the following:

Answer 7

1. Skull
2. Rib cage
3. Spine

Question 8

Axial Skeleton forms the central structure of the skeleton which aims to protects the following organs like:

Answer 8

1. Heart
2. Lungs
3. Spinal cord
4. Brain

Question 9

Appendicular Skeleton has how many bones?

Answer 9

126 bones

Question 10

Appendicular Skeleton includes the following:

Answer 10

1. Arms
2. Legs
3. Pelvic girdle
4. Shoulder girdle

Question 11

The lower portion of the appendicular skeleton protects the major organs:

Answer 11

1. Digestion
2. Reproduction

Question 12

It provides stability for the human body during periods of motion (walking, running)

Answer 12

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 13

The __________ also allows for a greater range of motion when human body is lifting and carrying objects of great weight

Answer 13

upper portion

Question 14

Four components of the skeletal system:

Answer 14

1. Bones
2. Cartilage
3. Tendons
4. Ligaments

Question 15

Functions of Skeletal System

Answer 15

1. Body support
2. Organ protection
3. Body movement
4. Mineral storage
5. Blood cell production

Question 16

Cartilage provides a firm yet flexible support within certain structures such as?

Answer 16

nose, external ear, thoracic cage, trachea.

Question 17

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that hold bones together.

Answer 17

Ligaments

Question 18

If blood levels of these minerals ________, the minerals are released from bone into the blood (calcium, phosphorus= essential for many physiological process).

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

Bones contain ________ filled with red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

Answer 19

cavities

Question 20

Is composed of cartilage cells within an extensive and relatively rigid matrix.

Answer 20

Cartilage

Question 21

The surface of nearly all cartilage is surrounded by layer odd dense irregular connective tissue =__________= protective connective tissue sheath

Answer 21

perichondrium

Question 22

• hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
• no perichondrium, blood vessels, or nerves.

Answer 22

Articular Cartilage

Question 23

Three types of Cartilage:

Answer 23

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic cartilage

Question 24

This type of cartilage growth:
- chondroblasts in in the perichondrium
add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.
- chondroblasts lay down new matrix and add new chondrocytes to the outside of the tissue.

Answer 24

Appositional growth

Question 25

This type of cartilage growth: chondrocytes in the center of the tissue divide and add more matrix in-between the existing cells

Answer 25

Intestinal growth

Question 26

In bone, as in other connective tissues, the bone cells produce the ___________ and become entrapped within it. The cells also break down old matrix so that new matrix can replace it.

Answer 26

bone matrix

Question 27

Bone matrix composition is responsible for?

Answer 27

the characteristics of bone

Question 28

Bone Matrix by weight, normally about?

Answer 28

35% organic and 65% inorganic material

Question 29

Bone Matrix's organic material consists primarily of?

Answer 29

collagen and proteoglycans.

Question 30

Bone Matrix's Inorganic material consists primarily of a calcium phosphate crystal called __________ which has the molecular formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.

Answer 30

hydroxyapatite

Question 31

_________ and _________ components are responsible for the major functional characteristics of bone.

Answer 31

collagen and mineral

Question 32

If all the mineral is removed from a long bone, collagen becomes the primary constituent and the bone is?

Answer 32

overly flexible

Question 33

if the collagen is removed from the bone, the mineral component becomes the primary constituent and the bone is?

Answer 33

very brittle

Question 34

formation of new bone by osteoblasts

Answer 34

Ossification or osteogenesis

Question 35

- bone-forming cells, have an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes. - produce collagen and proteoglycans, which are packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and released from the cell by exocytosis

Answer 35

Osteoblasts

Question 36

Osteoblast releases?

Answer 36

matrix vesicles (Ca2+ and PO4 3−)

Question 37

an osteoblast has secreted enough bone matrix to become surrounded by it the cell is referred to as an?

Answer 37

osteocyte

Question 38

the spaces without matrix but occupied by the osteocyte cell bodies

Answer 38

lacunae

Question 39

the spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell extensions are called?

Answer 39

Canaliculi

Question 40

the cells and their extensions form a ______ around which the matrix is formed.

Answer 40

“mold”

Question 41

● are bone-destroying cells ● these cells perform reabsorption, or breakdown, of bone that mobilizes crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for use in many metabolic processes

Answer 41

Osteoclasts

Question 42

The osteoclast cell membrane then further differentiates into a highly folded form = _____________

Answer 42

ruffled border

Question 43

the first type of bone that osteoblasts form during ossification is fairly weak bone.

Answer 43

Woven bone

Question 44

________ woven bone formation, osteoclasts break down the woven bone and osteoblasts build new matrix

Answer 44

after

Question 45

the process of removing old bone and adding new bone

Answer 45

bone remodeling

Question 46

Woven bone is remodeled into a stronger, more permanent type called?

Answer 46

lamellar bone

Question 47

is mature bone that is organized into thin, concentric sheets or layers approximately 3–7 micrometers (μm) thick called lamellae

Answer 47

lamellar bone

Question 48

appears porous, has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone

Answer 48

Spongy bone

Question 49

SP consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called _________ (50-400 um) between the __________ are spaces, which in life are filled with bone marrow and blood vessels.

Answer 49

trabeculae

Question 50

has more bone matrix and less space than spongy bone

Answer 50

compact bone

Question 51

Blood vessels enter the substance of the bone itself, and the _________________ are primarily oriented around those blood vessels.

Answer 51

lamellae of compact bone

Question 52

the functional unit of a long bone is an ________ or __________ system

Answer 52

osteon or haversian

Question 53

center portion of the bone

Answer 53

Diaphysis

Question 54

hollow center surrounded by compact bone

Answer 54

Medullary Cavity

Question 55

ends of long bones

Answer 55

Epiphysis

Question 56

cartilage covering the end of a long bone

Answer 56

Articular cartilage

Question 57

located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Answer 57

Epiphyseal plate/Growth plate

Question 58

connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone

Answer 58

Periosteum

Question 59

a single cell layer of connective tissue that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within bones,

Answer 59

Endosteum