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Infectious Diseases > Skin And Tissue Diseases > Flashcards

Skin And Tissue Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogen

A

Bacteria that cause infection and disease

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2
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of bacteria to cause disease

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3
Q

Virulence

A

Degree to which bacteria can cause a disease

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4
Q

Virulence factors

A

Characteristics that enable the pathogen to cause disease

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5
Q

3 human skin layers (outside in)

A

-epidermis
-dermis
-subcutis (hypodermis)

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6
Q

What is epidermis made out of?

A

Cell layer

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7
Q

What is dermis made out of?

A

Connective tissue

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8
Q

What is subcutis (hypodermis) made of?

A

Looser connective tissue and fat

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9
Q

What is subcutis (hypodermis) made of?

A

Looser connective tissue and fat

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10
Q

4 commensal skin bacteria?

A

*coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)
*viridans-type streptococci
*corynebacterium
*staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

Factors contributing to skin microbiota variation

A

•physiology
•environment
•immune system
•genotype
•lifestyle
•pathobiology

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12
Q

Factors contributing to skin microbiota disruption

A

•trauma (cuts etc)
•diabetes
•childbirth
•infections
•addictions

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13
Q

Factors contributing to skin microbiota colonisation

A

•survival against environment
•attachment
•motility
•coexistence with existing colonies
•ability to kill other bacteria

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14
Q

What bacteria caused impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus, A streptococcus

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15
Q

What bacteria cause cellulitis

A

S. Aureus, A streptococcus, haemophilus influenzae + more

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16
Q

What bacteria causes folliculitis and atopic dermatitis

A

S.aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa

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17
Q

How many resident bacteria on skin

A

~1 million

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18
Q

What bacteria causes acne

A

Cutibactedium acnes

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19
Q

What bacteria cause necrotising cellulitis and fasciitis

A

A streptococcus and many other bacteria clostridium

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20
Q

How many species of staphylococcus

A

-49 species and 27 subspecies

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21
Q

Describe staphylococcus

A

•grow in clusters
•0.5-1.5 um diameter
•non motile
•aerobic or facultative anaerobes

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22
Q

Are staphylococcus coagulase positive?

A

Can be coagulase positive or negative

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23
Q

Coagulase positive staphylococcus

A

S. Aureus

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24
Q

What does coagulase positive mean

A

Able to clump with blood forming visible clots during testing
-usually pathogenic

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25
What are coagulase negative staphylococcus
S. Epidermidis
26
What is the most virulent staphylococcus
S. Aureus
27
3 types of S.aureus nose carries
•persistent •intermittent •non carriers
28
S. Aureus identifying factors
•yellow gold colonies •sometimes halo around colonies (blood agar) •ferment mannitol (pink to yellow)
29
Are S. Aureus antibiotic resistant?
Yes to penicillin, methicillin and cephalosporins
30
What bacteria have endotoxin behaviour
Gram negative
31
What are endotoxins
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
32
What is the role of fibronectin
-cell adherence -usually in wound healing
33
Function of complement system
Immune system reaction
34
Anti complimentary meaning
Inactivates or removes complement
35
What is the IgG Fc receptor
Antibody receptors associated with infectious diseases
36
S.Aureus membrane bound virulence factors
•cell wall proteins •capsule/slime layer •peptidoglycan •teichoic acid •protien A
37
Cell wall protein function
Adhere to host cell matrix proteins
38
Capsule/slime layer function
Inhibits chemotaxis, phagocytosis and proliferation of mononuclear cells
39
Peptidoglycan function
•Osmotic stability •endotoxin like activity •inhibits phagocytosis •leukocytes attractant (abscess)
40
Teichoic acid function
Binds fibronectin
41
Protein A function
•Inhibits antibody clearance via IgG Fc receptor •leukocyte attractant •anti complementary
42
S.Aureus secreted virulence factors
•coagulase •hyaluronidase •fibrinolysin •lipases •nucleases •cytotoxins •exfoliative toxins
43
Cytotoxins
•PSMs - alpha, beta, gamma •PVLs
44
Exfoliative toxins
ETA, ETB, ETC, ETD
45
Coagulase function
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin -forms protective layer around bacteria for undetection
46
Fibrin function
Coagulates
47
Coagulase function
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
48
Hyaluronidase function
Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid in connective tissue promoting spread into tissue
49
Fibrinolysin function
Dissolves fibrin clots
50
Cytotoxins functions
Toxic to blood components (RBC, WBC, fibroblast, macrophages, platelets)
51
Exfoliative toxins functions
Disrupts skin epidermis - split intercellular bridges
52
What is another term for exfoliative toxins
Serine proteases
53
M protein function
•bind plasma proteins and fibronectin •anti phagocytic •anti complementary •invasion into epithelial
54
S. Pyogenes secreted protiens
•c5a peptidase •streptolysin S + O •hyualuronidase •streptokinase •pyrogenic exotoxins
55
What skin infections does s. Aureus cause
•carbuncles •cellulitis •impetigo •folliculitis •surgical/trauma wounds •ulcers
56
C5a peptidase function
•inactivates human c5a •therefore hinders complement pathways •phagocytosis resistance
57
Streptolysin S function
•responsible for beta hemolysis ability •lyses blood components •help introduce bacteria across barriers
58
Streptokinase function
•dissolves clot •releasing pathogen into blood and deeper tissue
59
Exotoxin examples
•streptolysin O and S •pyrogenic exotoxins A B and C
60
Exotoxins meaning
Toxic substance produced by gram positive bacteria
61
Streptolysin O function
•haemolytic •disrupts blood components and epithelial cells
62
Pyrogenic exotoxins B function
•cleaves host proteins •extensive tissue damage
63
Pyrogenic exotoxin B causes?
•Scarlett fever rash •important in necrotising fasciitis
64
What bacteria causes Scarlett fever
Group a streptococcus (pyogenes)
65
What exotoxins are super antigen
•Pyrogenic exotoxin A B and C
66
Super antigen meaning
Causes a strong and over powering immune response •bad response
67
What exotoxins are cysteine proteases
Pyrogenic exotoxin A B and C
68
Cysteine proteases function
•catalase hydrolysis of peptide bonds •cleave proteins
69
Pyrogenic exotoxin A and C superantigen mechanism
•bind to MHII complex •stimulates T cells •big pro inflammatory cytokine release
70
What syndrome can a super antigen response cause
•toxic shock syndrome
71
What bacteria cause toxic shock syndrome
•streptococcus group A Pyogenes •staphylococcus Aureus

Infectious Diseases (15 decks)

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