Sleep Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is Narcolepsy characterized by?
Excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormalities of REM sleep: most frequently begins in young adult
What do nightmares occur?
REM sleep
When do Sleep terrors occur?
NREM stage 3 and 4
When does Somnambulism occur?
NREM stage 3 and 4
Loss of what chemical leads to an inability to regulate sleep?
Hypocretin
What are the treatment options for Narcolepsy?
Forced naps during the day
Pitolisant
Modafanil
Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
What is the mechanism of Pitolisant in Narcolepsy treatment?
PO H3-Receptor inverse agonist to improve daytime sleepiness and reduce cataplexy
What drugs are used to maintain alertness in Narcolepsy?
Modafinil, Methylphenidate, or Dextroamphetamine
What is the role of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in treating Narcolepsy?
Given at bedtime to induce symptoms of narcolepsy and contain them at night
What are sleep attacks?
Episodes of irresistible sleepiness and feeling refreshed upon awakening
What is cataplexy?
Sudden loss of muscle tone: considered pathognomonic and may be precipitated by loud noise or emotions
What are Hypnagogic and Hypopompic hallucinations?
Hallucinations that occur as the patient is going to sleep and waking up
What is sleep paralysis?
Patient awake but unable to move: typically occurs upon awakening
What is Insomnia?
Inability to initiate or maintain sleep
What are common causes of Insomia?
Anxiety and depression
What does treatment consist of for Insomnia?
Sleep Hygiene
Behavioral modification
Medical therapy
What medical therapy is available for Insomnia?
Zolpidem, Eszopiclone, Zaleplon, Ramelteon
Lemborexant, Daridorexant, Suvorexant
What are commonly used Orexin antagonists used for Insomnia?
Lemborexant, Dadiroxant and Suvorexant
How do Orexin Antagonists help manage insomnia?
Facilitate sleep by decreasing wakefulness
What neurotransmitter is decreased in Insomnia?
GABA: by 30%
What are sleep terrors?
Pt wakes from sleep screaming with feelings of terror, autonomic arousal and inability to recall episodes
How do you treat sleep terrors?
Reassurance
