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Microbiology > SMALL PLEOMORPHIC GRAM NEG BACILLI > Flashcards

SMALL PLEOMORPHIC GRAM NEG BACILLI Flashcards

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0
Q

Do not need growth factor.

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus

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1
Q

Gram - coccobacilli or bacilli; NM; NS and requires factor present in the blood for adequate growth; facultative anaerobe; oxidase +; catalase +(h.influenzae,h.haemolyticus); ferments CHO.

A

Haemophilus

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2
Q

Preferred incubation on Haemophilus.

A

33-37C at 5-10% CO2

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3
Q

Haemophilus are identified thru.

A

Hemolytic reaction on horse blood agar, CHO fermentation tests and growth requirement for X and V factor.

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4
Q

Considered normal indigenous flora of the upper respiratory tract. Encapsulated.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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5
Q

Virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae

A

Polysaccharide capsules

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6
Q

Reaction of H.influenzae

A

Nonhemolytic reaction on horse or rabbit blood agar; rapidly killed by phagocytes.

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7
Q

Culture media used on H.influenzae.

A

Filded enriched media, levinthal agar, BAP and CAP.

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8
Q

Result of Filded enriched media, levinthal agar, BAP and CAP in h.influenzae

A

Colorless, transparent or dew drop colonies. Beta lactamase + control

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9
Q

Capsular characteristics.

A

Typeable

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10
Q

Do not produce capsule; normal inhabitants of URT. Causes Otitis media and acute bronchitis.

A

Nontypeable

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11
Q

Latex particle agglutination. ELISA

A

Serology test

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12
Q

Detects enzyme that converts aminolevulinic acid into porphyrin.

A

Porphyrin test

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13
Q

Disease of H.influenzae

A

Laryngitis, Fetal meningitis of children and other pediatric disease, Otitis media

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14
Q

Koch-weeks Bacillus; closely resembles h.influenzae bio type 3; Brazilian purpuric fever which affects children.

A

Haemophilus aegypticus

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15
Q

Grows on CAP and horse blood agar but not on the sheep blood agar.

A

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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16
Q

Mistaken as S.pyogenes because of its beta hemolytic activity on BAP.

A

Haemophilus hemolyticus

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17
Q

Chancroid bacillus/Ducreyi’s Bacillus. Agent of sexually transmitted disease chancroid. Not part of the human flora. Causative agent of ulcerative venereal disease, soft chancre/chancroid (genital lesions)

A

Haemophilus Ducreyi

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18
Q

Specimen used in Haemophilus Ducreyi.

A

Ulcer exudate or bubo aspirate

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19
Q

Microscopic appearance of Haemphilus Ducreyi

A

Pleomorphic

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20
Q

Characteristics of HACEK group of bacteria

A

Requirements of 5-10% of CO2 for growth. Caused sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. Blood + and Mac -.

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21
Q

Low pathogenecity; Do not require X and V factors for growth. Oxidase and catalase -.

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus

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22
Q

Normal flora of human oral cavity; destructive periodontitis; catalase +; oxidase -; + nitrate reduction; Requires CAP; very short, gram - bacilli. Star shaped bacilli

A

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

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23
Q

Catalase and oxidase +; pleomorphic; gram - rod with one round end and one tapered end. Tends to form clusters or rossettes from 5% sheep’s blood. Tear drop shaped

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

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24
Differentiating point of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Cardiobacterium hominis
Oxidase test
25
Corroding bacilli; part of the gingival or bowel flora; non saccharolytic; caused of mixed infection from bites or clenched-fists wound; may pit or corrode the agar surface (BAP) with sharp odor of bleach. Catalase -; oxidase +
Eikenella corrodens
26
Caused by sub-acute bacterial endocarditis HACEK; may put the agar surface; short, plump coccobacilli with squared ends; catalase - and oxidase +
Kingella Kingae
27
Morphology of kingella Kingae
Small with small zone of hemolysis
28
Differentiating point of Kingella Kingae and Eikenella corrodens
Cannot grow on Mac and XLD but can grow on CAP and BAP.
29
Tiny fastidious rods; normal flora of the vagina; NM; NE; gram -; Cause of Bacterial vaginosis; occasionally causes neonatal sepsis and postpartum bacteremia; common blood isolate postpartum and post abortal fever.
Gerdnerella vaginalis
30
Other name of Gerdnerella vaginalis
Haemophilus vaginalis or Cornyebacterium vaginale
31
Culture of Gerdnerella vaginalis on CAP
Grayish colonies
32
Clinical manifestation of G.vaginalis
Malodor/leukorrhea/putritis/excessive vaginal discharge pH is more than 4.5 presence of Clue cells
33
Based on Amsel and nugent scoring systems used to diagnose BV: presence of clue cells.
Cytology/Pap's
34
Based on Amsel and nugent scoring systems used to diagnose BV: 10%KOH- fishy amine like odor.
Whiff or Schiff test
35
Culture: selective medium for G.vaginalis
Colistin Oxolinic Acid Blood Agar
36
Culture: production of beta-hemolysis
Human Blood Tween Agar
37
Culture: specific medium of G.vaginalis, opaque and doomed after 48 hrs of incubation
V agar
38
Overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina including:
G.vaginalis, Gerdnerella mobiluncus, Mycoplasma hominis
39
Proteolysis producing nitrous products such as putrescine and Cadaverine.
Clue cells
40
Transmitted thru animal bites; uses bipolar stain "safety pin"; grows on BAP but not on Mac; oxidase and catalase + except P.bettyae; urease, indole, ONPG +; part of the animal flora; require organic nitrogen sources; glucose fermenters; facultative anaerobe; NM, gm- may range from coccobacilli to long filamentous rods.
Pastreurella
41
Virulence factor of Pasteurella.
Endotoxins and capsule
42
Pasteurella is associated with RIT including..
Sinusitis, pneumonia, pulmonary disease and bronchitis
43
Small, gm -, NS coccobacilli with bipolar staining features; most important pathogen to humans. Mushroom smell characteristics; musty odor; grows only on BAP; oxidase, ODC and INDOLE +; urease and ONPG -; commensals in the URT of many livestock, poultry, domestic pets ( cats and dogs), cause pneumonia. Susceptible to penicillin, tetracycline or chloramphenicol. Shipping fever on cattles
Pasteurella multocida
44
Most common Pasteurella infection
Wound infection
45
Coccobacilli; oblique aerobe; NM except B.bronchiseptica; oxidase + except B.parapertusis; urease + except B.pertusis;
Bordetella
46
Culture of Bordetella
Smooth, glistening, silver in color becomes whitish gray with age.
47
Growth factors of Bordetella.
Nicotinic acid, cysteine, methionine
48
Virulence factors of Bordetella
Pertusis toxins, adenylate Cyclase, tracheal cytotoxin and dermonecrotic toxin, pentratin and fimbriae
49
Bordet Gengou bacillus; pearl like or metallic colonies; oblique aerobe; NM except B.bronchiseptica, NS, hemolytic org. Gm - minute coccobacilli
Bordetella pertusis
50
Culture in B.pertusis: transport medium
Stuart's medium Mishullow's charcoal agar
51
Culture in B.pertusis: potato blood glycerol
Bordet Gengou medium
52
Culture in B.pertusis: charcoal and yeast extract
Jones Kendrick charcoal agar
53
Culture in B.pertusis: charcoal and horse blood
Regan-Lowe medium
54
Culture in B.pertusis: preferred because it contains horse blood, charcoal, cephalexin and amphotericin
Charcoal Cephalexin Blood Agar
55
Disease in B.pertusis
Whooping cough
56
Virulence factor in b.pertusis
Pertusis toxin
57
Transmission of B.pertusis
Airborne
58
3 disease stages: runny nose, mucous membrane inflammation.
Catarrhal stage
59
3 stages of disease: continuous cough with end in the respiratory tract. Severe and violent coughing. Associated with vomiting and whooping. May last for 6 weeks.
Paroxysmal stage
60
3 disease stages: may last long for about 6 moths after infection.
Convalescent stage
61
Pathogenicity of B.pertusis: toxins and enzymes
Pertusis toxin, hemaglutinins, adenylate cyclase, heat labile toxin, lps, heat stable toxin, tracheal cytotoxin
62
Ideal specimens used in B.pertusis.
Nasopharyngeal asparites and swab
63
NM, urease and oxidase and citrate +, nitrate -; large colonies with a brown pigment on the Bordet gengou agar, milder form of B.pertusis-like symptoms. Kennel cough
Bordetella parapertusis
64
M, urease and oxidase -, citrate and nitrate +, causes septicemia, inhabitants of URT of canines
B. Bronchiseptica
65
Highly infectious; requires cysteine for growth. Classified as bacterium tullarense, Brucellan tularensis and pasteurella tularensis, jellison type A. Causative agent of Tularemia
Francisella tularensis
66
Minute, highly pleomorphic, NM, gm- coco bacilli, intracellular, oblique aerobe, encapsulated, NS, weakly catalas + and oxidase -;
Francisella tularensis
67
Virulence factor of francisella tularensis
Capsules
68
Focal ulcer at the site of entry of the organism and enlargement of lymph nodes.
Deerfly or rabbit fever.
69
Specimens used in F. Tularensis
Sputum, scrapings from infected ulcer and limo node biopsies
70
Culture of F.tularensis
Slowly growing org. 2-4 days of colony fermentation. Cysteine heart agar/ glycogen cysteine blood agar/ peptone cysteine agar
71
Normal flora of the animals; normal flora of the URT and GIT of sheep, cattles, pigs and dogs. NM, NE, strict aerobe,gm- coccobacilli, intracellular, gamma hemolytic on bap, appear singly, pair or in short chains, catalase oxidase urease nitrate +, h2s + except b.canis. Infected human through contact with infected animals or animals products.
Brucella
72
Bangs Bacillus; epidemic abortion of cattles.
Brucella abortus
73
Epidemic abortion of swine
Brucella suis
74
Affecting dogs
Brucella Canis
75
Affecting sheep or goat; causes undulant/Malta/Gibraltar/Mediterranean/Crimean/Maltese/rock fever which is transferred to man through infected milk from goats. Does not produce h2s nor require CO2 and not inhibited by thionine or fuschin; killed by pasteurization; resistance to heat.
B. Melitensis
76
Specimen used in Brucella
Bone marrow, blood, tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage
77
A bisphasic bottle for blood culture W or Wisconsin medium
Castaneda technique
78
Causative agent of Legionnaire's disease; facultative intracellular pathogen. Faintly staining, thing gm-; majority M; catalas and oxidase weakly +, gelatinase +; will not grow on primary plated media; requires medium with L-cysteine buffered to pH 6.9BCYE
Legionella
79
Most common pathogen to human; part of the natural microbial community of soil and aquatic; isolated in aircondition dusts, cooling towers, warm-water plumbing system, humidifiers, nebulizers, shower heads
Legionella pneumophila
80
Pittsburg pneumonia
Legionella micdadei
81
Wiga's agent of pneumonia.
Legionella bozemanni
82
Clinical manifestation of Legionella
Legionnaire's disease
83
Specimen used in legionella.
Sputum, blood and lung biopsy material, bronchial wash, pleural fluid.
84
Brown pigment characteristics/BCYE; may exhibit gray-white to blue-green convex colonies with cut glass type of internal granular speckling
Feeley Gorman Agar
85
Specimen used for the enterobacteriaceae
Stool, blood, urine, rectal swab
86
BAP AND CAP
Large, gray, smooth colonies
87
XLD and HEA
Useful for salmonella and shigella sp
88
BSA
For detection of salmonella
89
Swarm on BAP AND CAP
P.mirabilis, P.vulgaris, P.penneri

Microbiology (7 decks)

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