Smrt Grth, His Preserv, Sustainability Flashcards
(37 cards)
the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of an historic property
Preservation
the act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for the purpose of replicating its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location
Reconstruction
the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period
Restoration
the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values
Rehabilitation
That the Landmarks Law affects some landowners more severely than others does not, itself, result in “taking,” for that is often the case with general welfare and zoning legislation. Nor, contrary to appellants’ contention, are they solely burdened and unbenefited by the Landmarks Law, which has been extensively applied and was enacted on the basis of the legislative judgment that the preservation of landmarks benefits the citizenry both economically and by improving the overall quality of city life.
PRESERVATION Grand Central
1978 – Penn Station Ruling Supreme Court upheld NYC decision for denial of 53+ story office tower on top of Grand Central, TDR’s availabl
the first comprehensive federal historic preservation plan in the U.S. This landmark legislation established a national policy for preservation, created the National Register of Historic Places, and initiated a partnership between federal, state, and tribal governments to protect and preserve America’s cultural heritage
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
Criteria for Designation:
- properties generally need to be at least 50 years old
- and meet specific criteria related to their association with significant events, persons, architectural style, or their potential to yield historical or prehistorical information.
- demonstrate a high degree of integrity, meaning their physical features still convey their historic character
Things to no qualify for historic preservation until they meet 50 year threshold but there are exceptions
-Associated with events that made significant contribution
-Associated with significant person
-Embody distinctive characteristics of type, period or method of construction
-Have yielded information important in prehistory or history
The first U.S. historic district was established in ————- in 1931, predating the U.S. federal government designation by more than three decades. City government designated an “Old and Historic District” by local ordinance and created a board of architectural review to oversee it
Charleston, South Carolina
——- was the first city to pass an ordinance creating a historic district. An amendment to the state Constitution of 1921 (Article XIV, Section 22A) laid the groundwork for the creation of the ——– .
The first area in the US to receive landmark preservation status
New Orleans, Vieux Carré Commission
historic preservation designation benefits
- Consideration for Federal and state funded projects (Section 106 Review)
- Tax provisions
- Ad valorem tax relief
- Exemption from FEMA, ADA, and building safety code adjustments
- Does NOT prevent modification or demolition of property unless the property is involved in a project that receives federal assistance.
Historic Preservation ,Federal Section 106 Review
- Consult with State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) or Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (THPO) and other consulting parties, members of public with social or cultural interests, local governments
- Identify properties that may be affected by the project and determine if property are historic or could be considered
- Assess the effects of undertaking on resources with interested parties
- Resolve adverse effects by developing alternatives to mitigate impacts on historic sites
Regulations issued by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) guide the Section 106 review process, specifying actions federal agencies must take to meet their legal obligations.
The Secretary of The Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation
- “A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.”
- “The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.”
- “Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.”
- “Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.”
- “Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved.”
- “Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.”
- “Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.”
- “Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.”
- New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work will be differentiated from the old and will be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.
- New additions and adjacent or related new construction will be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.
- Designated by Congress as place where nature, culture, and history resources combine to form an important landscape
- They are NOT NPS units or federally owned or managed
- NPS provides advisory role with limited technical, planning and financial assistance
- Each area has its own authorizing legislation adn unique resources
National Heritage Areas
State Historic Preservation Office
- In cooperation with Federal and State agencies, local governments, and private organizations and individuals, direct and conduct a comprehensive statewide survey of historic properties and maintain inventories of such properties;
- Identify and nominate eligible properties to the National Register and otherwise administer applications for listing historic properties on the National register;
- Prepare and implement a comprehensive statewide historic preservation plan;
- Administer the State program of Federal assistance for historic preservation within the State;
- Advise and assist, as appropriate, Federal and State agencies and local governments in carrying out their historic preservation responsibilities;
- Cooperate with the Secretary, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and other Federal and State agencies, local governments, and organizations and individuals to ensure historic properties are taken into consideration at all levels of planning and development;
- Provide public information, education and training, and technical assistance relating to the Federal and State Historic Preservation Programs; and
- Cooperate with local governments in the development of the local historic preservation programs and assist local governments in becoming certified pursuant to subsection
SHPO (state agency) < National Park Service < Department of Interior
- Privately funded, nonprofit organization, under Congressional Charter, based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States
- Focuses on building sustainable communities through the adaptive reuse of historic spaces; preserving and empowering cultural diversity through protecting sites of cultural significance; advocating for greater stewardship of historic places on public land; and leading innovation in the management of historic properties
National Trust for Historic Preservation
First Step for Establishing Historic District
It’s unclear if the first step in establishing historic preservation is a historic research survey= or submitting information through SHPO
=background research on potentially significant historic resources combined with a field survey to document the distribution and current conditions of resources across the study area and an evaluation process to determine the historical significance of each resource. While trained preservationists have traditionally led survey efforts, there is a growing awareness that including a wide range of community perspectives in this process is necessary to identify resources that reflect diverse cultural histories. Furthermore, some communities skip formal surveys in favor of community engagement activities designed to identify the local values that should drive preservation efforts.
What is a building form native to one location called?
vernacular architecture
National Heritage Areas vs. National Register of Historic Places
National Heritage Areas and the National Register of Historic Places are both federal designations aimed at preserving and recognizing significant historical and cultural resources, but they differ in scope and purpose. The National Register of Historic Places is a comprehensive, nation-wide list of buildings, districts, sites, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. National Heritage Areas, on the other hand, are geographically defined areas where natural, cultural, historic, and scenic resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally distinctive landscape. They are designated by Congress and focus on engaging the public and promoting heritage tourism, conservation, and economic development within the area.
Key Differences:
Scope:
The National Register is a broad listing of individual properties and districts, while National Heritage Areas are geographically defined regions.
Purpose:
The National Register focuses on identifying and protecting significant historical and cultural resources, while National Heritage Areas aim to engage the public and promote heritage tourism, conservation, and economic development.
Designation:
The National Register is a federal designation that can be applied to properties owned by individuals, organizations, or the government. National Heritage Areas are designated by Congress.
Management:
The National Park Service manages both the National Register and the National Heritage Areas program, but the management of individual National Heritage Areas can involve federal, state, and local entities, as well as private partners.
In essence: The National Register of Historic Places is a list of individual properties that are deemed nationally significant, while National Heritage Areas are larger, geographically defined regions that are significant for their combination of natural, cultural, historic, and scenic resource
- The nation’s official list of places that are significant in American history.
- Authorized under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.
- Administered by the National Park Service.
official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering and culture. The National Park Service administers this and is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior.
National Register of Historic Places
An individual site or structure that has met local, state, and national criteria as having aesthetic, architectural, historic, cultural or archaeological significance and is worthy of preservation is called a?
Historic Landmark
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
orders federal agency planners and officials to take into account how any proposed agency action or policy would affect historic preservation.
What 17 & 18th c. European urban design practice is still practiced in American cities in the 21st century?
the grid plan. This system of straight, intersecting streets organized into blocks is prevalent in many American cities, particularly those founded during that era.
- 1992, Earth Summit in Rio
** * Non-binding action plan ** - Encouraged local governments to adopt their own agenda
- Gave rise to Tea Party in U.S.: framed as covert movement to establish one-world government to roll back individual freedoms and a threat to American sovereignty
- FL Governor banned the use of sustainability and climate change for state workers
UN Agenda-21
Triple Bottom Line/Pillars of Sustainability
People, Prosperity, and Planet
(Equity, Economy, Environment)
