Social and Env Justice

Question 1

Father of Environmental Justice, wrote Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environment

• US EPA dumped 30,000 gallons of waste transformer oil along NC roadways containing PCBs that threaten groundwater
• US EPA designated the roadside as a superfund site to protect health and soil was recovered adn deposited at 142-acre Warren County landfill in Black community
• Federal and state governments eventually detoxified contaminated soil at landfill following widespread protesting by Black residents
• Warren County became a symbol of environmental justice, globally

Answer 1

Robert D. Bullard

Question 2

• Annually report the amount and type of toxic substances to citizens
• List of hazardous materials usually found at fire departments
• Facilitates cooperation among industry, interested citizens, environmental, other public interest organizations, & governments

Local Emergency Planning Committee
* Encourage emergency planning/response to chemical accidents
* Set procedures for warning/evacuation
* Provide and distribute information
* Prep public reports on annual release of chemicals

Answer 2

(1986) EMERGENCY PLANNING/
RIGHT-TO-KNOW FEDERAL ACT

• Part of SARA: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

Question 3

How does the U.S. Census define low income?

Answer 3

80% of the Area Median Income

Question 4

• Impacted Area Compared to Community of
• Comparison, COC
• Multiple Analysis
• Disproportionate, High and Adverse
• *Human Health
• *Ecological
• *Economic
• *Social
• *Cultural
• *Historic
• Part of NEPA, could be justifiable

Answer 4

Disproportionate Impact Analysis

Question 5

Difference between Title VI of Civil Rights Act vs. Executive Order 12898

Answer 5

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act prohibits recipients of federal financial assistance (states, grantees, etc.) from discriminating based on race, color, or national origin in any program or activity.

Executive Order 12898, on the other hand, directs federal agencies to identify and address, as appropriate, disproportionally high adverse human health and environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations

Question 6

Advocacy vs. Equity Planning

Answer 6

Both: conern for disadvantaged communities

Advocacy: application of professional expertise and process oriented

Equity: emphasis on development of political support, stress on practical results and “doable” efforts; close connections to neighborhood political results, product AND process oriented

Question 7

• Planners facilitate community action
• Importance of local knowledge to balance expertise
• Planning as iterative process
• Close connections to community development, process orientation

Answer 7

Empowerment/Community-based Planning

Question 8

Equity is different from diversity. Diversity invites others in, but equity modifies practices to support inclusion and flourishing. This is why the distinction between diversity and equity is so important. **Diversity is largely numbers-driven. **It is easier to gauge and apply metrics to. **Equity, on the other hand, is largely values-driven. **

Answer 8

Diversity vs. Equity

Question 9

By when will the U.S. become a majority-minority nation?

Answer 9

2045