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NCE Exam > Social and Cultural Foundations > Flashcards

Social and Cultural Foundations Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Are cultures dynamic? Y/N

A

Yes

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2
Q

Macro culture

A

Dominant culture in a country

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3
Q

Acculturation*

A

Learning the behaviors and expectations of a culture

Ethnic groups adopt from majority

Can work opposite as well

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4
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Given group sees itself as standard - others are measured

Conveys that one group is superior

Universal

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5
Q

Emic*

A

Help client see culture
Treat individual, not all the same
Insiders perception of culture

emic-m=me

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6
Q

Etic*

A

Treat people as same
Similarities
Humans are humans - thus all theories can be applied

etic-t=them

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7
Q

Help client change to cope with environment

A

Autoplastic

Autobiography

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8
Q

Help client change environment

A

Alloplastic

O - CHANGE

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9
Q

Bias of tests

A

Euro American Eurocentric bias

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10
Q

Paralanguage

A

Nonverbal communication of the client, considered more accurate than verbal

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11
Q

Low vs High context communication

A

Edward T Hall
Low context: Explicit (verbal, summarizing)
High context: Implicit (nonverbal)

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12
Q

Stereotypes

A

Can be good and bad

Groups/all people are alike

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Opinion based on insufficient evidence

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14
Q

Androgynous

A

Possess both masculine and feminine traits

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15
Q

Proxemics

A 
Spatial relations
personal space (i.e. sits too close)
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16
Q

Means tests

A

Eligibility for social assistance programs

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17
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A

Festinger

Evaluate our behaviors and accomplishments by comparing ourselves to others

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18
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Festinger
individuals change their beliefs to match behavior when there is a mismatch
Reduces tension created by inconsistency

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19
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Acknowledge information that supports POV and ignore what does not

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20
Q

SES

A

Must always be taken into account

15% of US lives in poverty

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21
Q

High Self monitoring

A

Care about what others think of them

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22
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

Misery loves company

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23
Q

Anglo Conformity

A

People from other cultures will forget about their culture to conform to macro culture

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24
Q

R/CID

A

Minority Identity Model

Atkinson, Morten, Sue’s Radial Identity Model

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25
Minority Identity Model
1: Conform (prefer counselor from dominant culture) 2: Dissonance (prefer counselor from minority group) 3: Resistance (Reject dominant culture, accept self) 4: Introspection (prefer counselor from own racial group, mixed feelings) 5: Synergetic Articulation/Awareness (stop oppression, prefer counselor with same worldview, not just same race/culture) Can go backward Not everyone goes through the stages Some don't progress beyond 3rd
26
Native Americans Traits
``` Suffer private Speak little Little eye contact Storytelling Family therapy Young males - high suicide rate ```
27
African Americans
``` Concrete skills for change Systems based therapy Short term counseling Counselor self disclosure Misdiagnosis - schizophrenia ```
28
Asian Americans
``` Most diverse group Patriarchal Academic/professional values Less anger Family therapy - as a whole Counselor as authoritative Model minority ```
29
Latino
Catharsis: let feelings out Do not separate from family Low # of latino counselors
30
Gay and Lesbian
Raise children as happy and good cognitive skills
31
Pansexual
Attracted regardless of gender
32
Internalized homophobia
Self hatred about identity
33
Machismo
Women are subservient of men
34
Colorism Color Blindness
Discrimination based on skin color
35
Stanford Prison Experiment
Zimbardo 1971 Situation can control behavior Assigned roles
36
Robbers Case Experiment
Sherif | 2 opposing groups of boys ended up working together to solve problem
37
Asch Situation
Solomon Asch 1950s Conformity even when they know others are wrong
38
Bystander Effect/Apathy
Darley and Latane More people in a group, less likely they are to assist 1964 case of Kitty Group inhibition for helping
39
Obedience to Authority
Stanley Milgram 1963 65% gave painful shocks when instructed by authoritative figure
40
AMCD
Division of ACA for Multicultural counseling
41
Social Psychologists
Freud (Group) Burkheim (Modern Sociology) McDougall (Darwin Hormic, Selective Gene Sociology) Ross (social psychology)
42
Berne
Transactional Psychology
43
Instinct to fight psychologists
Freud and Lorenz
44
Social Learning Theory
Bandura Influenced by environment
45
Levinson Theory Bias*
Bias towards women, proposed women meet needs of their families and husbands (Season's of a woman's/man's life)
46
Interpersonal Attraction Traits*
Proxemics, Psychical Attraction, Similar Beliefs
47
Kohlberg Criticism
Gilligan - Gender bias in Kohlberg work
48
Stanford Experiment Ethics
in 73 APA ruled as ethical, but not today.
49
Dollard and Miller
Frustration Aggression Theory
50
Albert Ellis
REBT Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
51
Festinger
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
52
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Balance Theory People strive for balance, eliminate inconsistency Example - smoke now to reduce stress, rather than live longer
53
Mores
People are punished for violating mores right or wrong of behavior
54
Folkways
Breaking folkways results in embarrassment not punishment
55
Frank Parsons
First social reformers - guidance
56
Emory Bogardus
Social Distance Scale How a person felt about an ethnic group Distance = prejudice
57
Foot in Door
Ask to come into the home
58
TCK Third Culture Kid
children raised primarily in a culture different than parents
59
National Culture
Central government, official language, etc
60
Society v Culture*
Society = Self perpetuating group occupies a definitive territory Culture = Can be within society but all members do not have to share culture
61
Modal Personality
Personality of a typical group
62
Gerontological*
Geriatric counseling | Gero
63
Terminal Drop Theory
Intellectual decline last 5 years of life
64
Approach-Approach
Justify behavior (i.e. read negative reviews of watch after selecting something else)
65
Altruism
the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
66
Cognitive Dissonance deals with...
Attitudes and Cognition
67
Flight to Health
Client improves too rapidly, ignoring main concern
68
Monolithic Perspective
Perceive all people in a group as identical
69
Connotation*
Emotional context of a word Semantic - Words have different connotations
70
Victor Frankle
Father of Logotherapy | Healing through meaning
71
Fritz Pearls
Father of Gestalt Therapy
72
Brown v Board of Education
Instrumental in multicultural counseling | Desegregation of schools
73
Malingering
Fakes distress to avoid work, school etc
74
Personalism
See client who has learned a set of survival skills not diseased Adjust to environment
75
Race
See traits - genetics
76
Ethnicity
cultural factors
77
Floyd Allport
Social Facilitation | Perform better in a group
78
Sleeper Effect
Forget communicator but remembers the message Delay before the client accepts the message
79
Jacob Moreno
Psychodrama | Group Therapy
80
Anne Roe
Jobs can compensate for unmet child needs
81
Arthur Janov
Primal Scream Therapy
82
AT Beck
Cognitive Therapy
83
Robert Harper
REBT
84
Stanley Schachter
Affiliation Need to affiliate decrease for later born children
85
Avoidance-Avoidance
Two negative alternatives
86
Approach-Avoidance
Positive and Negative options
87
Osgood and Tannenbaum
Congruity Theory Client will accept suggestions if the client likes the counselor
88
Salad Bowl Model of Diversity
People are mixed yet retain their identity
89
Psychosocial Experiments
Lack external validity (not done in the natural environment)
90
SES and Introspection
Clients tend to be introspective when from a higher SES

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