SOCIAL CHANGE

Question 1

Ingroup Bias:

Answer 1

The tendency to favour members of one’s own group and give them special preference over people who belong to other groups

Question 2

Ingroup Heterogeneity:

Answer 2

Tendency to see members of ingroup as unique, distinct, from one another

Question 3

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect:

Answer 3

Tendency to perceive outgroup members as more similar, non-distinct than they are

Question 4

Social Facilitation:

Answer 4

Presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks

Question 5

Social Loafing:

Answer 5

A group-produced reduction in individual output on easy (but not hard) tasks, in which contributions are pooled (i.e., individual contribution can’t be evaluated)

Question 6

Group Polarization:

Answer 6

Exaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members, through group discussion

Question 7

Groupthink:

Answer 7

― A group decision-making style, characterised by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence

Question 8

2 things that enhance group performance:

Answer 8

Reduce Biased Sampling:
the tendency for groups to spend more time discussing shared information (already known by most members) than unshared information (information known by only one or a few members)

Rely on Transactive Memory:
a shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more efficiently than they could do so alone (“sum is greater than parts”)

Question 9

Cultural Metacognition

Answer 9

awareness of our own and others’ cultural assumptions