social psych

Question 1

earliest social psych experiments

Answer 1

before the 1900s

Question 2

year of the first social psychology textbooks

Answer 2

1908

Question 3

“the father of social psychology”

Answer 3

Kurt Lewin

Question 4

cognitive dissonance (Leon festinger)

Answer 4

a conflicting situation where discomfort is produced when ones actions does not reflect their personal beliefs. this results in changes of behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes in order to restore balance

Question 5

social cognition

Answer 5

how our knowledge of our social worlds develops through experience and how those knowledge structures influence memory (info processing, attitudes, judgement)

Question 6

things that impact social behavior

Answer 6

individual characteristics, personality traits, desires, motivations, emotions

Question 7

social situation

Answer 7

-the people you interact with everyday. friends, family, religous groups, people on TV, people we read about, people we think about, ect.

Question 8

social influence

Answer 8

the process through which other people change our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and through which we change theirs.

Question 9

person-situation interaction formula (kurt lewin)

Answer 9

B(behavior) = f(P(internal factors)E(external factors)

Question 10

characteristics of newborns

Answer 10

recognize faces & respond to human voices

Question 11

characteristics of young children

Answer 11

learn language, develop friendships with other children

Question 12

characteristics of adolescence

Answer 12

start to become interested in “other relationships”

Question 13

characteristic of most adults

Answer 13

partner up and have children

Question 14

characteristic of most people

Answer 14

get along with others

Question 15

skills of our genetic code

Answer 15

make judgements, help others, and enjoy working together in social groups

Question 16

evolutionary adaptation

Answer 16

the assumption that human nature and much of our social behavior stems largely from our evolutionary past

Question 17

fitness

Answer 17

how much having a given characteristic helps an organism survive/reproduce at a higher rate than others who do not have the characteristic

Question 18

self-concern (motivation)

Answer 18

the motivation to protect and enhance the self and people who are close to us

(food and water, protection)

Question 19

other-concern (motivation)

Answer 19

the motivation to affiliate with, accept, and be accepted by others

Question 20

Kin selection (self-concern)

Answer 20

strategies that favor the reproductive success of relatives, even if it is at the cost of the individuals survival

Question 21

ingroup (self-concern)

Answer 21

those whom we view as being similar and important to us and whom we share close social connections

Question 22

the fundamental goal of affiliating ourselves with other people

Answer 22

finding a romantic partner to have children with

Question 23

the reason humans generally behave morally to eachother

Answer 23

they understand that it is wrong to harm other people and it is important to display compassion and altruism

Question 24

socially disapproved actions

Answer 24

negative behaviors (bullying, cheating, aggression, stealing)

Question 25

the fundamental motivation of other concern means...

Answer 25

hostility and violence are the exception of human behavior, rather than the rule.

Question 26

internal attribution causes

Answer 26

specific to the person

Question 27

external attribution causes

Answer 27

social, luck, weather, ect.

Question 28

unstable attribution causes

Answer 28

temporary influence

Question 28

stable attribution causes

Answer 28

enduring/permanent

Question 28

controllable/uncontrollable attribution causes

Answer 28

power over some things but not others

Question 29

Actor (attribution)

Answer 29

the person producing a behavior

Question 30

observer (attribution)

Answer 30

person observing a behavior

Question 31

fundamental attribution error

Answer 31

an overestimation of the importance of external factors when seeking an explanation of an "actors" behavior

Question 32

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 32

matching a person and a stereotype/physical characteristic rather than available reliable information

Question 33

false consensus effect

Answer 33

tendency to overvalue the prevalence of ones own beleifs, values, and behaviors

Question 34

self esteem

Answer 34

the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves

Question 35

positive illusions

Answer 35

positive views of self that are not necessarily rooted in reality

Question 36

self serving bias

Answer 36

tendency to take credit for successes and deny failures

Question 37

self objectification

Answer 37

tendency to see self as an object in others eyes

Question 38

Stereotype threat

Answer 38

fast acting fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype of a group

Question 39

social comparison

Answer 39

evaluation of self in comparison to others (thoughts, behaviors, abilities)

Question 40

circumstances where attitude can predict behavior

Answer 40

if its strong, rehearsed and practiced, or if its about an issue with direct implications for the persons life

Question 41

self perception theory (bem)

Answer 41

we make inferences about our attitudes by perceiving our behaviors

Question 42

self persuasion

Answer 42

people are not coerced, they choose it themselves through self persuasion

Question 43

communicator (speaker) in terms of persuasion

Answer 43

traits and characteristics

Question 44

medium (text) in terms of persuasion

Answer 44

matched to the audience

Question 45

target (audience) in terms of persuasion

Answer 45

demographics, strength, attitude

Question 46

message (subject) in terms of persuasion

Answer 46

rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos)

Question 47

elaboration likelihood model

Answer 47

central & peripheral routes

Question 48

central route (ELM)

Answer 48

engage the audience thoughtfully with sound, logical arguments

Question 49

Peripheral route (ELM)

Answer 49

engage the audience through personal appeal, emotion, and on occasion trickery.

Question 50

Altruism

Answer 50

unselfish interest in helping others in order to benefit them

Question 51

egoism

Answer 51

helping someone else for personal gain

Question 52

prosocial behavior

Answer 52

helping others (influenced by media, empathy, personality, mood)

Question 53

antisocial behavior

Answer 53

Negatively impacting society/others

Question 54

biological agression influences

Answer 54

limbic system, frontal lobe, serotonin, hormones, ect.

Question 55

psychological agression influences

Answer 55

personality, aggressive thoughts, observational learning

Question 56

conformity

Answer 56

a change in behavior to fit more closely with the standards of a group

Question 57

Psychological conformity factors

Answer 57

influence because we want to be right (AKA informational social influence), influence because we want to be right (AKA normative social influence)

Question 58

cultural conformity factors

Answer 58

Individuality, cultural collectivism

Question 58

deindividuation

Answer 58

erosion of personal identity when in groups

Question 59

prisoners dilemma

Answer 59

the idea that two totally rational people will not work together even when its in their best interest to do so

Question 59

social loafing

Answer 59

tendency to put in less individual effort in group because of reduced accountability

Question 59

social contagion

Answer 59

spread of action, emotion, and ideas based on imitation

Question 59

social facilitation

Answer 59

improvement of individual based on presence of other

Question 60

risky shift

Answer 60

group decision

Question 61

group polarization effect

Answer 61

an individuals position gets strengthened because of group discussion or interaction

Question 62

groupthink

Answer 62

making decisions based more on group harmony than on being the "right" decision

Question 63

mere exposure effect

Answer 63

we like things that we are around more

Question 64

consensual validation

Answer 64

we are attracted to people who are like us

Question 65

Wuv?

Question 66

social exchange theory

Answer 66

social relationships involve an exchange of goods (the objective is to minimize costs and maximize benefits)

Question 67

investment model

Answer 67

a model of long term relationships looking at how commitment, investment, and availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships