states of consciousness

Question 1

Metacognition

Answer 1

Thinking about thinking

Question 2

Awareness

Answer 2

Subjective state of being conscious of what’s going on

Question 3

SoC

Answer 3

Term used by William James to describe the mind as a continuous flow of sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings

Question 4

Stream with fish comparison

Answer 4

Our mind is a stream with fish, specific thoughts are the fish, consciousness is the fish with water along with plants, rocks, ect

Question 5

Theory of mind

Answer 5

An individual’s understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private expiriences (usually accepted around age 4)

Question 6

Lower level consciousness

Answer 6

Auto processing requiring little attention (daydreaming)

Question 7

Higher level consciousness

Answer 7

Controlled processing (most alert state of consciousness)

Question 8

Reticular activating system

Answer 8

Network of structures including brain stem, medulla, and thalamus. Involved with the expirience of arousal and engagement with the environment

Question 9

Process of the RAS

Answer 9

new sensory info stimulates RAS, which then relays the pressure of some kind of stimulation to various receiving areas of the cerebral cortex, the alerted cortex is then better able to deal with/process specific incoming info

Question 10

Low/no awareness

Answer 10

Unconscious thoughts, response without realizing stimulus

Question 11

Subconscious

Answer 11

Happens during sleep & wake, low awareness of stimulus

Question 12

Altered state

Answer 12

Produced by drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, sensory deprivation

Question 13

Controlled processing

Answer 13

Active focusing of attention & efforts towards a goal (involves prefrontal cortex and interrupts other mental activities. It’s slower than automatic processing)

Question 14

Automatic processing

Answer 14

Little attention required, activities that seem to take no thought, doesn’t interfere with other ongoing activities

Question 15

Executive function

Answer 15

Complex cognitive process including thinking, planning, and problem solving

Question 16

What is sleep?

Answer 16

Reversible loss of consciousness

Question 17

Circadian rhythms

Answer 17

Sleep/wake, body temp, blood sugar

Question 18

SCN

Answer 18

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 19

Hypnic jerk

Answer 19

Muscles involuntarily twitching/spasms

Question 20

Alpha waves

Answer 20

Awake

Question 21

Stage 2 sleep/N2

Answer 21

Spindles (bursts of activity) not consciously aware of surroundings

Question 22

Stage 4 sleep/N3

Answer 22

Delta waves > 50%, most difficult to wake, bedwetting, sleepwalking, sleeptalking

Question 23

REM sleep

Answer 23

Eye movement phase

Question 24

BATS Drink Blood

Answer 24

Beta- awake
Alpha- drowsy/stage 1
Theta- stage 2/N1
Sleep spindles- stage 2/n2
Delta- stages 3&4/deep sleep/ N2
Beta- REM/R

Question 25

Stage 1 sleep/N1

Answer 25

Hypnic jerks, feeling of falling (around 10 mins)

Question 26

Stage 3 sleep/N3

Answer 26

Delta waves < 50%

Question 27

60% of sleeping

Answer 27

Light sleep

Question 28

20% of sleeping

Answer 28

Deep sleep

Question 29

stage 5 of sleeping

Answer 29

REM sleep: active stage, vivid dreams

Question 30

REM sleep begins/ends with

Answer 30

begins in increase in ACH, ends with increase in serotonin & norepinephrine

Question 31

Evolutionary considerations

Answer 31

Predators vs prey

Question 32

energy conservation

Answer 32

don't burn as many calories while sleeping

Question 33

brain plasticity

Answer 33

brain changes as a result of experience

Question 34

freuds theory on dreaming

Answer 34

manifest content (literal) vs latent content (symbolic)

Question 35

restorative process/memory consolidation

Answer 35

slows the breakdown of proteins

Question 36

Cognitive theory of dreaming

Answer 36

the structure of how we envision ourselves/our lives

Question 37

activation synthesis theory

Answer 37

making sense of neurological activity during sleep

Question 38

hobson 5 characteristics

Answer 38

Illogical content, intense emotions, acceptance of strange content, strange sensory experiences, difficulty remembering dream content

Question 39

sleep apnea

Answer 39

Interrupted breathing when sleeping (causes- central: brain forgets to let you breathe, obstructive: throat muscles relax-air complex: both)

Question 40

nightmares

Answer 40

disagreeable imagery with little emotional response from dreamer

Question 41

night terror

Answer 41

first 3-4hrs during non-rem sleep (symptoms- kicking, sweating, tensing of muscles)

Question 42

sleep paralysis

Answer 42

occurs in blended state when brain is awake, but body is not

Question 43

synthesis theory

Answer 43

dreaming happens when cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from lower brain activity