Sociocultural Theory of Development Flashcards
(29 cards)
consists of shared meaning systems that provide the standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, communicating, and acting among those who share a language, historical period, and geographic location (Triandis, 1996)
Culture
in a psychological context, refers to a network of knowledge that is both procedural (ie. learned sequence of responses to particular cues) and declarative (ie. representations of people, events, and norms) and is produced, distributed, and reproduced among a collection of interconnected people (Chiu and Hong, 2007)
Culture
In Sociocultural theory of development, what is the key determinant of what becomes a person
Culture
values, beliefs, symbols and language that define a society
Non-material Culture
includes all society’s physical objects, such as tools and technology, clothing, eating, utensils, and means of transportation
Material Culture
Elements of Culture
Symbols
Language
Technology
Values
Norms
things that stand for something else and that often evoke various reactions and emotions; could be non-verbal communication or actual material subjects.
Symbols
structured system of communication that involves words, signs, and other rules that allow humans to express themselves
Language
that application of scientific knowledge to the making of tools to solve specific problems
Technology
judgements of what is good/bad or desirable/undesirable
Values
standards and expectations for behaving in certain situations
Norms
(ie. mores and laws - standards of behavior considered to be most important in a society)
Formal Norms
(ie. folkways and customs - standards of behavior considered to be less important but is still influence how people behave and think)
Informal Norms
refer to a common background or social origins, shared culture and traditions that are distinctive, maintained between generations, and result in a sense of identity and group membership, and shared language or religious tradition
Ethnicity
refers to a shared genetic heritage, expressed by common external physical characteristics such as physical features, skin color, and hair texture
Race
a patterns of exclusion and marginalization based on having identities that are different from what is considered normative.
Othering
views development as socially mediated process in which children acquire their cultural values, beliefs, and problem-solving strategies through collaborative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society.
Sociocultural Theory
Basic Assumptions of Sociocultural Theory
1) More emphasis on culture affecting developments - assumes that development varies across cultures and does not refer to universal stages and content of development
2) More emphasis on social factors contributing to development - social interactions and the cultural environment influence how children grow up
3) Important role of language in development - development results from the internalization of language
4) Adults are an important source of development - adults their culture’s tools of intellectual adaptation that children internalize
methods of thinking and problem solving strategies that children internalize through social interactions with the more knowledgeable members of society
Tools of intellectual adaptation
Infants are born with basic abilities for intellectual development (called as elementary mental functions) and through social interactions this functions become sophisticated and evolves to be higher mental functions.
True
refers to someone (or something) who has a better understading or a higher ability level that the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.
More Knowledgeable Others MKOs
the difference between what a child or learner can do alone and what they can do with the guidance and encouragement of an MKO
Zone of proximal Development (ZPD)
develops from social interactions, for communication purposes.
Language
2 roles of language in Cognitive development
1) The primary means by which adults transmit information to children.?
2) A very powerful tool for intellectual adaptation
