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DPT 503 > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

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1
Q

what is somatosensation?

A

collection of body sensations gathered from receptors in the skin, muscle, connective, and visceral tissues

multimodal

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2
Q

what does somatosensation contribute to?

A

smooth accurate movements

prevention/minimization of injury

understanding of the external world

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3
Q

sensory info from skin is called

A

cutaneous

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4
Q

sensory info from touch is called

A

tactile

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5
Q

sensory info from nociception is called

A

pain

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6
Q

what does the musculoskeletal system consist of?

A

muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments

detect proprioception, nociception, and stretches

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7
Q

chemoreceptors

A

respond to chemcials

ie: O2 and H+ levels that lead to pH changes

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8
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

vibration, pressure, stretch, touch

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9
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temp changes

how cold/hot something is

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10
Q

nociceptors

A

sense pain; submodality of all receptors

ex: extreme stretch activates mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

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11
Q

tonic receptors

A

slowly adapting receptor

activate at onset of stim and stays on for duration of stim

codes whole duration

pain receptor, thermoreceptor

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12
Q

phasic receptor

A

rapidly adapting

responds to onset and offset of stim

only when there’s a change

signals there’s a change

1a fibers - dynamic spindle

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13
Q

peripheral somatosensory afferents

A

cutaneous-letters
proprioceptive info-roman numerals

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14
Q

classification of afferents

A

smallest to largest:
- C/4, A delta/3, A beta/2, 1a, 1b

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15
Q

C, 4 fibers

A

small unmyelinated

slow pain/secondary pain

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16
Q

A delta, III fibers

A

small myelinated

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17
Q

A beta, II fibers

A

medium myelinated

fast pain

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18
Q

1a 1b fibers

A

large myelinated

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19
Q

hairy skin

A

a beta and a delta fibers

ruffini endings-stretch, joint sensitization

hair follicle nerve ending-hair movement

Merkel cell-texture

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20
Q

hairless skin

A

free nerve endings-nociceptive, mechanical stim

Meissner’s corpuscle-dynamic movements across skin, slippage during grip

Pacinian corpuscle-vibration

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21
Q

A beta fibers and their receptor end organs, stimulus, and tonic/phasic

A

myelinated

hair follicle-hair movement
–> phasic
Meissner’s corpuscle-dynamic movement across the skin, slippage during grip
–> tonic
Merkel cell-light pressure, curvature, edges
–> tonic
Pacinian corpuscle-vibration
–> phasic
Ruffini’s corpuscle-skin stretch
–> tonic

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22
Q

A delta fibers and their receptor end organs, stimulus, and tonic/phasic

A

lightly myelinated

hair follicle-hair movement
–> phasic
free nerve ending-nociceptive mechanical stim, cold stim
–> tonic

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23
Q

C fibers and their receptor end organs, stimulus, and tonic/phasic

A

unmyelinated

free nerve endings-nociceptive mechanical stim, pleasant mechanical stim, ticklish mechanical stim, itch, thermal stim, and chem stim
–> tonic

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24
Q

what is a receptive field?

A

area of skin innervated by a single afferent neuron

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25
small vs large receptive fields
small receptive field=can feel 2 close points as 2 separates stimuli large receptive field=feel only one point when 2 close points are applied to the skin
26
are receptive fields smaller or larger distally?
smaller
27
are receptive fields smaller or larger proximally?
larger
28
smaller receptive fields have ___ threshold and ___ density of receptors
low, higher
29
larger receptive fields have ___ threshold and ___ density of receptors
high, lower
30
what does low threshold mean?
can sense stimuli with less distance b/w 2 points can be as close as 4mm
31
what does high threshold mean?
2 points have to be further apart to feel them as 2 points
32
first pain response
sharp, localized pain can feel exactly where it is fast nociception conveyed by A delta fibers (small myelinated) fast pain
33
second pain response
aching, poorly localized pain conveyed by C fibers (small unmyelinated) slow pain
34
what happens when A delta fibers are blocked?
no fast pain (sharp, well localized pain)
35
what happens when C fibers are blocked?
no slow pain (dull, aching, poorly localized pain)
36
spinothalamic pathway
fast pain 1st order neuron-A delta 2nd order neuron from dorsal horn SC to thalamus 3rd order neuron from thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex
37
3 slow pain (c fiber) divergent pathways
spinolimbic, spinomesencephalic, and spinoreticular
38
spinomesencephalic pathway
SC to midbrain superior colliculus: visual reflex-look to site of pain periaqueductal gray: suppress pain signals
39
spinolimbic pathway
SC to limbic system (emotion, motivation) ventral striatum in basal ganglia: motivation, aversion, reward seeking amygdala trigger emotion: upset in response to pain, avoiding pain
40
spinoreticular pathway
SC to thalamus, hypothalamus, and reticular formation arousal autonomic control
41
sharp pain
A delta spinothalamic
42
dull aching pain
C fibers divergent pathways (3)
43
what are the sensory organs in the muscles responsible for proprioception?
muscles spindle and GTO
44
large proprioceptive afferents
1a and 1b
45
small proprioceptive afferents
3 and 4
46
ligament receptors
in ligaments 1 b afferents
47
Ruffini's and Paciniform endings
2 afferents
48
free nerve endings
3 and 4 afferents
49
1a axons
myelinated nuclear bag and chain fibers velocity of muscles stretch phasic intrafusal
50
1b axons
myelinated GTO and ligament receptors tension on muscle and ligament tonic tendons and ligaments
51
type 2 axons
myelinated nuclear chain and some bag fibers - muscle length - tonic - intrafusal Paciniform corpuscles - joint movement - phasic - joint capsule ruffini's endings - extreme joint stretch - phasic - joint capsule
52
type 3 and 4 axons
lightly/unmyelinated free nerve endings nociceptive stimuli tonic muscles, joint capsule, ligaments
53
how do somatosensory receptors transduce stimulus into neural code and NT released?
stimulus activates receptor, afferents neurons receive potential, AP leads to NT release moderate stimulus (shorter duration): fire AP and some NT released stronger stimulus: increased frequency and duration of AP = increased NT released
54
peripheral neuropathy
damage to one (mononeuropathy) or more (polyneuropathy) peripheral nerves loss of sensory and/or motor function
55
order of sensory loss
preferentially attack large myelinated fibers first loss proceeds in order of decreasing axon diameter large myelinated--> medium myelinated--> small myelinated, small unmyelinated 1a/b first= proprioception lost first A beta first=light touch lost first
56
order of sensory recovery
opposite of loss small unmyelinated--> small myelinated--> medium myelinated--> large myelinated pain is first sense back
57
perception
central processing of sensory stimuli into a meaningful pattern tied with sensation increased stim intensity=increased perception intensity
58
is light touch consciously or unconsciously coded?
consciously coded
59
are joint position and proprioception consciously or unconsciously coded?
unconsciously coded
60
primary somatosensory cortex (s1)
reception of info, discrimination of object size, texture, and shape bulk of somatosensory info (touch, temp, vibration, pressure, pain) process type and intensity of info post central gyrus
61
secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)
higher level processing analyze info from S1 and thalamus spatial and tactile memory not somatotopically arranged
62
what is stereognosis?
the ability to identify an object w/o visual info requires lots of info from the DCML and previous experiences
63
what is barognosis?
perception of weight from cutaneous and proprioceptive info
64
what is graphesthesia?
ability to identify letters and numbers drawn on skin w/o visual input

DPT 503 (22 decks)

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