Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DPT 503 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

exchange O2 and CO2 b/w environment, blood, and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is ventilation?

A

inspiration/expiration

exchange nutrients at capillary level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is external respiration/gas exchange?

A

CO2 and O2 b/w lungs and blood

blood and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is internal respiration/gas exchange?

A

CO2 and O2 b/w systemic blood and tissues

blood and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what structures are in the upper respiratory system?

A

nose, larynx, and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what structures are in the lower respiratory system?

A

below and including Carina (last ring of trachea b4 bifurcation into 2 main bronchi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when is the epiglottis up/down?

A

up at rest, down when swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

histology of the trachea mucosa

A

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium w/goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

histology of the trachea submucosa

A

connective tissue w/seromucus glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

histology of the trachea adventitia

A

outermost connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what makes up the conducting zone? what is the job of the conducting zone?

A

trachea–> primary bronchi–> bronchi–> bronchioles

ventilation: air in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is the right or left bronchi wider and shorter?

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what makes up the respiration zone? what is it’s role?

A

begins where terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts to sacs

respiration-gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do the alveoli secrete and what is its role?

A

surfactant which keeps the sacs open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2 with the heart in the cardiac notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary arteries deliver blood from heart to lungs for oxygenation

pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pulmonary circulation is a ___ pressure, ___ volume system:

A

low, high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

systemic circulation is ___ pressure:

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bronchial circulation

A

oxygenated blood to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sympathetic function in the respiratory system

A

bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parasympathetic function in the respiratory system

A

bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is intrapleural pressure?

A

negative pressure inside- cavity acts like a suction to keep the lungs from collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is intrapulmonary pressure?

A

pressure in alveoli sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is transpulmonary pressure?
difference b/w intrapulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressure
26
what is atelectasis?
plugged bronchioles collapse alveoli
27
what is a pneumothorax?
air in the pleural cavity
28
pulmonary ventilation depends on what?
volume changes that lead to pressure changes which lead to gas flow
29
what is Boyle's law?
relationship b/w pressure and volume of gas constant gas+smaller container=increased pressure
30
inspiration
active-uses muscles diaphragm contracts down and out intercostals contract ribs up and out external intercostals for deep breaths increased thoracic volume
31
expiration
quiet=passive volume decreases pulmonary pressure > atomospheric pressure=air out forced=active using obliques and transverse muscles and intercostals
32
what is lung compliance
stiffness of the lungs
33
lung compliance in restrictive diseases
low compliance (more energy needed to breathe)
34
lung compliance in obstructive diseases
high compliance
35
volume
single
36
capacity
volumes added together
37
what is inspiratory reserve?
air forcefully exhaled
38
what is tidal volume?
resting about 500 mL
39
what makes up inspiratory capacity?
inspiratory reserve and tidal volume
40
what is expiratory reserve volume?
big exhale
41
what is residual volume?
air that is always left in the lungs even after expiration
42
what makes up functional residual capacity?
expiratory reserve volume and residual volume
43
what makes up vital capacity?
inspiratory reserve, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve
44
what makes up the total lungs volume?
inspiratory reserve, tidal volume, expiratory reserve, and residual volume
45
what is anatomical dead space?
no contribution to gas exchange
46
increased TLC, FRC, and RV
COPD
47
decreased TLC, VC, FRC, and RV
restrictive disease
48
what is FEV1?
amount of air expelled in 1st second reduced in COPD
49
what is a better indication of effective ventilation?
alveolar ventilation rate (AVR): gas in/out of alveoli at a specific time
50
what is Dalton's law of partial pressures?
total pressure=sum of pressures of each gas
51
is the pressure gradient more steep for O2 or CO2? why?
O2 bc CO2 is 10x more soluble in plasma and alveolar fluid than O2
52
what is perfusion-ventilation coupling?
perfusion: - blood flow reaching alveoli - controlled by PO2-arterial diameter ventilation: - amount of gas reaching the alveoli - controlled by PCO2-bronchiole diameter
53
tissue PO2 is always ___ than arterial PO2 so O2 moves from ____ to ____
lower; blood; tissues
54
tissue PCO2 is always ____ than arterial PCO2 so CO2 moves from ____ to ____
higher; tissues; blood
55
oxygen transport
1.5% dissolved in plasma 98.5% loosely bound to hemoglobin in RBCs
56
oxygen transport with hemoglobin
each hemoglobin has 4 polypeptide chains each w/1 ion containing heme group hemoglobin can transport 4 O2 molecules loading and unloading of )2 changes Hg shape O2 binds and changes the shape to increase affinity
57
factors influencing hemoglobin saturation
PO2, temp, blood pH, PCO2, BPG (causes O2 release)
58
what is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
shows the relationship b/w how much hemoglobin is saturated w/O2 versus how much O2 is dissolved in fluid around hemoglobin
59
arterial blood
PO2=100mmHg 20 mL O2 per 100 mL blood 98% saturated increased PO2
60
venous blood
75% saturated PO2=40 mmHg 15% volume O2
61
right shift in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
enhanced O2 unloading decreased O2 affinity increased temp, H+, PCO2, and BPG Bohr effect decreased pH exercise
62
left shift in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
decreased factors increased O2 affinity decreased O2 unloading (holds onto O2) life sustaining
63
when BPG increased, oxygen...
decreased
64
Hg concentration in men
13-18 g/dL
65
Hg concentration in women
12-16 g/dL
66
CO2 transport
7-10% dissolved in plasma 20% chemically bound to Hg 70% as bicarbonate ion in plasma
67
CO2 transport: as bicarbonate ion in plasma
O2 and H2O=carbonic acid quickly dissociates into bicarbonate and H+ (releases CO2 and H2O) in lungs anhydrase splits carbonic acid
68
what is the relationship b/w CO2 and pH?
increased CO2=decreased pH decreased CO2=increased pH
69
what is the Haldane effect?
amount of CO2 transported is affected by PO2 decreased PO2 and O2 saturation=increased CO2 can be carried in the blood encourages in CO2 exchange CO2 enters blood, increased O2 dissociation from Hg (Bohr effect)
70
slow shallow breaths lead to ___ CO2 and ___ pH
increased; decreased
71
rapid deep breaths lead to ___CO2 and ___pH
decreased; increased
72
carbon monoxide poisoning
Hg has 200x affinity for CO than O2
73
what are the controls of respiration?
higher brain centers respiratory centers COs O2
74
what are the higher brain centers that control respiration?
pons and medulla
75
what affects respiratory centers?
chemical factors-PCO2, PO2, pH higher brain centers pulmonary irritant reflex inflation reflex
76
what is the influence of CO2 on respiration?
most potent and closely controlled
77
what is the influence of O2 on respiration?
declining O2 may only have a slight affect on ventilation bc of large O2 reservoir bound to Hg (need to have significant drop to see effects) when PO2 drops below 60 mmHg it becomes a major stimulus for respiration
78
hyperventilation leads to ___CO2
decreased treat by breathing into paper bag to reinhale CO2

DPT 503 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions