South Africa Flashcards
(219 cards)
1
Q
What producer started Method Cap Classique and in what year was it legally regulated?
A
Simonsig Sparkling
1992
2
Q
What Antarctic current cools and slows the growing season in South Africa?
A
Benguela
3
Q
Graham Beck, Le Lude, and Charles Fox are top produces of what wine style?
A
Method Cap Classique
4
Q
What are the 3 districts of Breede River Valley?
A
- Breedekloof
- Robertson
- Worcester
5
Q
What is the max size for single vineyard labelling in South Africa?
A
6 ha
6
Q
List a key producer in the Robertson District
A
- Graham Beck
- Springfield Estates
- De Westhof
7
Q
What was the first Cape Bordeaux blend and when was it debuted?
A
Hofmeyer, 1979
8
Q
What is koffieklip?
A
“coffee stone” ferricrete soil
9
Q
What effect does the Cape Doctor wind have in spring/summer?
A
- staves off disease pressure and pests
- can interfere with fruit set
- can break canes
10
Q
How many wards are in Franschoek Valley?
A
none
11
Q
What is the hottest and driest district of Breede River Valley?
A
Worcester
12
Q
What grapes dominate Overberg district?
A
- sauv blanc
- chardonnay
13
Q
25% of all South African chardonnay is planted in what district?
A
Robertson (Breede River)
14
Q
What is the key natural feature of Breedekloof district?
A
Du Toitskloof Mountains
15
Q
What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?
A
- Cape Town
- Darling
- Franschoek
- Paarl
- Stellenbosch
- Swartland
- Tullbagh
- Wellington
- Lutzville
16
Q
What 2 wards in Walker Bay district have the most potential for high quality wine?
A
- Bot River Ward
- Hemel en Aarde (actually 3 different wards)
17
Q
What ward is home to the largest amount of grenache in South Africa?
A
Piekeniersloof
18
Q
What is the most planted grape in Klein Karoo?
A
colombard
19
Q
What is the most planted grape in Stellenbosch district?
A
cab sauv
20
Q
What 2 Coastal Region districts are hot, dry, inland and known for bulk production?
A
- Tullbagh
- Wellington
21
Q
Adi Badenhorst and Eben Sadie are known for what quality minded growers coalition?
A
Swartland Independent Producers
22
Q
What are the primary soil types in South Africa?
A
- decomposed granite and sandstone
- slate, quartz, and shale pockets
23
Q
What is the KWV and when was it established?
A
South African Winegrowers Co-op (est 1923)
24
Q
What are 2 two key producers in Cape Agulhas district?
A
- Strandveld
- Black Oystercatcher
- The Berrio
- Quoin Rack
- Zoetendal
25
What is the only ward in Cape Agulhas district?
Elim
26
In what district is the producer Hamilton Russell found?
Walker Bay
27
What district is considered the heart of the South African wine industry?
Stellenbosch
28
What 3 mountainous areas in Paarl district are known for quality?
- Simonsberg
- Paardeberg
- Paarl Rock
29
What mountain range forms the border between Stellenbosch and Paarl?
Simonsberg Mountains
30
Where is the Skurfberg vineyard located?
Citrusdal Mountains
- Sadie Family
- chenin blanc
31
What is the most planted grape in the Cape Town district?
sauv blanc
32
List 3 key Constantia producers in the Cape Town district
- Groot Constantia
- Klein Constantia
- Constantia Uitsig
- Steenberg
- Buiteneverwachting
33
Name a key non- Constantia producer in the Cape Town district
- Altydgedacht
- Durbanville Hills
- Diemersdal
34
What are the 2 most popular grapes in the Darling district?
- sauv blanc
- cinsault
35
List 3 key producers in Stellenbosch district
- Annondayle
- Beyerskloof
- Capensis
- Delaire Groff
- Demorgenzen
- Ernie Els
- Neil Ellis
- Raats
- Ken Forrester
- Mulderbosch
- Rustenberg
- Rust en Vrede
- Tokara
- Warwick Estate
- Vergelen
- Kanonkop
- Meerlust
- Rainbows End
- Thelema
- Waterford
36
What are the main viticultural benefits of pinotage?
- thick skin
- drought resistant
- high yielding
37
What style of wine is Breedekloof know for?
large scale operations and distillers
38
What is the most planted grape in Robertson district?
colombard
39
The Old Vine Project label applies to vines older than how many years?
35 years
40
Greengrape is a South African name for what grape?
semillon
41
What Klein Karoo district provided the best known source of Cape Vintage, Cape Ruby, and Cape Tawny?
Calitzdorp district
42
What is the climate of Walker Bay district?
cool, maritime
43
What direction does the Cape Doctor blow?
southeast
44
What Dutch commander requested the first vinifera cuttings to be brought to South Africa?
Jon van Riebeck
45
What is the common name for Muscat of Alexandria in South Africa?
hanepoot
46
What is the descending order of region by size in South Africa?
- Geographical units
- Regions
- Districts
- Wards
47
What are the 7 geographical units of South Africa?
- Western Cape
- Northern Cape
- Eastern Cape
- Limpopo
- Free State
- Kwa Zulu Natal
- North West (new, no districts or wards)
48
What is the most well known and developed district in Cape South Coast region?
Walker Bay
49
What is the coolest district in Breede River Valley?
Robertson
50
What is the parentage of pinotage and when was it created?
pinot noir X cinsault (1925)
51
What grape is Cape Agulhas known for?
grassy sauv blanc
52
What are the 5 regions of Western Cape?
- Breede River Valley
- Cape South Coast
- Coastal Region
- Klein Karoo
- Olifants River
53
What is the hallmark style of wine in the Elgin district?
crisp chardonnay
54
In what district are the Paardeberg Mounatins?
Swartland
55
What type of varieties dominate Swellendam district?
Rhone varieties
56
Who is the key producer in Worcester district?
KWV Brandy Cellars
57
What are the 7 districts of Cape South Coast region?
- Cape Agulhas
- Elgin
- Overberg
- Swellendam
- Walker Bay
- Lower Duivenhoks River
- Plettenberg Bay
58
What is the only ward in the Darling district?
Groenkloof
59
Name a key producer in Paarl district
- Nederburg
- Vilafonte
- Backsburg
60
What is the famous grape in Franschoek district?
Old vine semillon
61
What are the 3 wards of Paarl district?
- Agter Paarl
- Simonsberg Paarl
- Voar Paardeberg
62
When was South Africa's Wine of Origin designation established?
1973
63
What are the dominant red grapes in the Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?
- cab sauv
- merlot
- shiraz
- pinotage
64
What is the most planted grape in the Paarl district?
chenin blanc
65
What is the grape of Vin de Constantance wine?
Muscat-de-Frontignan
66
Who are the 2 key producers in Overberg district?
- Lismore Estate
- Raka Wines
67
What Western Cape region has the highest production?
Breede River Valley
68
Olifantsberg is a key producer in which district?
Breedlekloof
69
What are the 2 wards of Breedekloof?
- Goudini
- Slanghoek
70
What is the most planted variety in Breedekloof?
chenin blanc
71
What is the soil type of the Malagas ward?
- Bokkeveld Shale (fossilized marine shale)
- sandstone
- little topsoil
72
Jankershoek Valley and Devon Valley are located in which district?
Stellenbosch
73
Which grape dominates the Polkadraai Hills ward?
sauv blanc
74
Who is the most famous producer in Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?
Kanonkop
75
What region is the historic heartland of South Africa's wine industry?
Coastal Region
76
What is the Dutch word for mountain?
berg
77
In which geographical unit does the majority of viticulture happen in South Africa?
Western Cape
78
What is the climate of Overberg district?
cold, wet, and windy
79
What is the average vineyard elevation in South Africa?
50-600 m
80
What is the most planted grape in Constantia ward?
sauv blanc
81
What is the climate of Elgin?
- rainy, high humidity
- mildew and frost risk
- regular cloud cover extends ripening
82
What are the soil types in Swartland district?
- South is sandy decomposed granite
- east is slate, shale,. schist
- north is chalk bands
- west is red rich clay loam and quartz
83
What is the soil type of Walker Bay district?
shale, granite, sandstone
84
List a key producer in Elgin
- Iona Vineyards
- Paul Cluver
- Oak Valley
- Kershaw
85
Where is Elgin located?
Cape South Coast region, Western Cape
86
Vin de Constance is produced in what district?
Cape Town
87
What is the average elevation in Elgin district?
300-500 m
88
What percentage of South Africa's production is exported as bulk?
50%
89
Where in the Breede River Valley does the majority of viticulture take place?
flat, fertile valley floors
90
When did the first European settlers arrive in South Africa?
1652
91
What are the most successful grapes in Walker Bay district?
- chardonnay
- pinot noir
92
What is the most coveted vineyard in Franschoek Valley?
La Colline
93
List a key producer in Walker Bay
- Hamilton Russel
- Bouchard Finlayson
- Gabrielskloof
- Beaumont
94
Who is the sole producer in Lower Duivenhocks River district?
Baleia Wines
95
What grapes dominate Bottelang ward?
- Bordeaux varieties
- pinotage
- syrah
96
What South African region is known for desert-like climate and bulk 'port style' wines?
Klein Karoo
97
Where is Lutzville Valley located?
Coastal Region
98
What is the climate of Swartland district?
hot and dry
99
What is the climate of Breede River Valley region?
- hot and dry
- steady wind keeps mildew away
- mountains block ocean influence
- lack of rain necessitates irrigation
100
What percentage is required to label a wine by place of origin in South Africa?
100%
101
Olifants River region is most well known for what style of wine?
bulk
102
What are 2 key geographic features of the Cape Town district?
- Table Mountains
- Tygerberg
- Kanonkop Hills
- False Bay
- Atlantic Ocean
- Cape Doctor Wind
103
The majority of South Africa's high quality wine comes from which region?
Coastal Region
104
What is the climate and soil type of Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward?
- warm Mediterranean
- clay soil
105
Who is the key producer in Plettenberg Bay district?
Bramon
106
Where does Paarl district get water for irrigation?
Berg River
107
What is the largest co-op in South Africa?
Orange River Wine Cellars
108
What is the soil type in Franschoek district?
- granite mountains
- shale, sandstone
109
What is the climate of Cape Town district?
- cold
- heavy rain
- atlantic influence
110
What is the Banghoek ward known for?
- higher elevation
- cool microclimate
- granite, sandstone, clay
- cab sauv and chardonnay
111
What are the primary red grapes in Swartland?
- shiraz
- cab sauv
- merlot
- pinotage
112
What is the climate classification of South Africa?
Mediterranean
113
What percentage is required to label a wine by vintage in South Africa?
85%
114
What was the most popular style of wine in South Africa in the 1700s?
sweet and fortified
115
Where did the French settle in South Africa?
Franschoek (French Quarter)
116
What are the Dutch terms for big and small?
big - groot
small - klein
117
What is the most widely planted white grape in South Africa?
chenin blanc
118
What is the primary soil type in Elgin?
decomposed sandstone and shale
119
What are South Africa's 3 climatic zones formed by coastal mountain ranges?
- cool and rainy near coast
- hot, dry interior
- temperate valleys in between
120
What are the legal sugar levels for Cap Classique:
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Brut nature < 3 g/L
Extra brut < 6 g/L
Brut < 12 g/L
121
How long must Cap Classique wines rest on lees?
12 months
122
Cap Classique can be made from which varieties?
any variety from any region
123
What is the most planted grape in Elgin?
sauv blanc
124
What is the common name for chenin blanc in South Africa?
steen
125
Describe the legal requirements for blends in South Africa?
- composition list not required
- if listed, varieties must be in descending order
- can be listed by main varietals if 2 or more make up 85%
126
Ormande and Tukulu are key producers in what district?
Darling
127
What percentage is required to label a wine varietally in South Africa?
85%
128
What are the dominant white grapes in Simonsberg-Stellenbosch?
- sauv blanc
- chardonnay
129
What are the primary white grapes in Swartland?
- chenin blanc
- sauv blanc
- chardonnay
- semillon
130
What are the primary soil types in Paarl district?
- granitic with clay at low elevation
- sandstone and shale at higher elevation
131
What are the predominant soil types in the Cape Town district?
- granite
- sandstone
- greywacke
- phyllite shale
132
What virus is rampant in Stellenbosch district?
leafroll
133
What is the most important ward in Cape Town district?
Constantia
134
Who was the first owner of the Constantia Estate?
Governor Simon Van der Stel
135
When was the Constantia Estate founded?
Founded near Cape Town in 1685
136
What happened to Groot Constantia in 1885?
The Estate was purchased by the state and phyloxera appeared on the property ravaging the famous vineyards
137
What is Vin de Constance and what is it made from?
A sweet dried grape wine made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (also known in South Africa as Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel) and its red-berried variant
138
What is IPW in South Africa?
Integrated Production of Wine Scheme. A voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards. The IPW sets guidelines for agricultural, manufacturing, and packaging practices
139
Who developed Pinotage?
Professor Abraham Perold
140
What is Pontac?
a teinturier grape linked to the old red wines of Constantia, possibly from the pontac family’s original Haut-Brion vineyards.
141
Define the term ‘Jerepigo,’ what other term is used in place for?
Jerepigo: the addition of an alcohol (grain or otherwise) to un-fermented ripe grape juice.
Used occasionally in place of term ‘Vin de Liqueur’
142
When was the Cape Town District introduced?
2017
143
What are the Wards of the Cape Town District?
- Constantia
- Hout Bay
- Durbanville
- Philaldephia
144
What is the Climate of Stelllenbosch?
Maritime
145
Name the Wards of Stellenbosch (7)
- Devon Valley
- Jonkershoek Valley
- Papegaaiberg
- Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
- Bottelary
- Banghoek
- Polkadraai Hills.
146
Who produces Trilogy in South Africa?
Warwick Estate
147
Who produces Rubicon in South Africa?
Meerlust
148
What is the name of Paarl’s largest producer?
Nederburg with over 40 bottlings in it’s range they were the fist house to produce a botrytised South African dessert wine
149
Franschhoek Valley was part of which district until it became one itself in 2010?
Paarl
150
Name the wards of Darling
Groenekloof
151
Muscat de Frontignan is also know as?
Muscat Blanc a petit grains
152
What is the northern most area of production within South Africa?
Northern Cape: Orange River: Bulk wine production: hot climate
153
What does mean Hemmel-En-Aarde?
Heaven and Earth in local dialect
154
What are the Mountains ranges around Stellenbosch?
- Simonsberg
- Stellenbosch
- Helderberg
155
What is the synonym of Crouchen Blanc in South Africa?
Cape Riesling
156
Explain quickly the “Swartland Independent producer Scheme”
- label for Swartland producer
- naturally managed / low intervention
- light oak influences (25% max new, European only)
- label and quality integrity
157
What was the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act?
Law established via the KWV in South Africa. – it pulled the wine industry back from disaster, but favored the larger producer = pushed up a lower quality wines
158
Where is the majority of all chardonnay produced in SA grown?
Robertson
159
When did the KWV abolish the quota system and what did that do?
1992 - allowed for small producers to operate and removed some powers from the large scale co-ops - it limited expansion of vineyards to only places approved by the KWV
160
What is SAWIT and when was it created?
1999 South African Wine Industry Trust
- transforms practices and empower black workers
161
What body of water influences Cape Town?
False Bay
162
What new WO was formed in 2020 and what is its purpose?
Cape West Coast - to identify areas more "coastal" in character
163
Who produced the first botrytized dessert wine in South Africa?
Neyderberg
164
In what year were wards introduced to South Africa's Wo scheme?
1994
165
Which winery did Eben Sadie work for prior to his own label?
Spice Route (Swartland)
166
What are the quality controls for SIP?
- grown, produced, and bottled in Swartland
- producers must bottle min 80% under own label
- wild fermentation
- no acidification or added tannin
- no chemical fining or concentration processes
- min 90% approved varieties
- max 25% new oak (european)
- bottled in Burgundy shaped bottle
167
List 3 red grapes that are the allowed under SIP?
- grenache
- syrah
- mourvedre
- carignan
- cinsault
- tinta barocca
- pinotage
168
List 3 white grapes that are the allowed under SIP?
- chenin blanc
- grenache blanc
- marsanne
- roussanne
- viognier
- clairette blanche
- palomino
- semillon
- muscat (alexandria/frontignan)
- colombard
- verdelho
169
What district is the center for botrytized wine in South Africa?
Paarl
170
What is a South African alias for cinsault?
ermitage
171
What is the wettest district of Cape Town?
Constantia
172
Why is gobelet training common in Swartland?
To limit water competition (very hot, dry area)
173
What is the makeup of the wine Veregelen V?
Bordeaux blend (cab sauv/franc/merlot)
174
What is the varietal makeup of Eben Sadie 'Palladius?'
Chenin blanc dominant white blend
175
What is the orientation of the Hemel-en-Arde Valley?
southwest
176
What is the highest scoring wine in the history of South Africa?
Eben Sadie 'Columella'
177
What is the varietal makeup of Eben Sadie 'Columella?'
- gsm, carignan, cinsault, tinta barocca
178
What is the only ward in South Africa that does not belong to a Geographical Unit?
Lanseria
179
What is the only ward in Free State (doesn't have district)?
Rietrivier
180
What are the only 2 districts of Kwa-Zulu Natal (no regions)?
- Central Drakensberg
- Lions River
181
Where is the district of Douglas (it doesn't have a region)?
Northern Cape
182
What is the only region in Northern Cape?
Karoo-Hoogland
183
What are the two districts of Karoo-Hoogland?
- Southerland Karoo
- Central Orange River
184
What are the two districts in Western Cape without a region?
- Ceres Plateau
- Prince Albert
185
What are the 3 wards of the Western Cape that do not have a district?
- Cederberg
- Liepoldtville- Sandveld
- Nieuwoudtville
186
Where is Plettenberg Bay located?
Cape South Coast region
187
What are the 3 wards of Swellendam?
- Malgas
- Buffeljags
- Stormsvlei
188
What are the 3 distinct wards of Hemel - en- Aarde?
- Hemel en Aarde Ridge
- Hemel en Aarde Valley
- Upper Hemel en Aarde VAlley
189
The Cape West Coast subregion includes what districts and wards?
- Darling (district)
- Lutzville (district)
- St Helena Bay (ward)
- Lamberts Bay (ward)
- Bamboes Bay (ward)
- Groenekloof (ward)
- Koekenaap (ward)
190
Where would you find the wards of Malmesbury, Paardeburg, and Riebeekberg?
Swartland
191
Who is the leading producer in Tulbagh?
Fable Mountain
192
What are the 2 districts of Klein Karoo?
- Calitzdorp
- Langeberg Garcia
193
In what region is the ward of Montagu found?
Klein Karoo
194
In what district is the ward of Piekeneerskloof?
Citrusdal Mountains
195
To be labeled as Swartland Independent Producers, what is the max percentage of new oak allowed?
25%
196
Who produces Radio Lazarus chenin blanc?
Alheit (Stellenbosch)
197
Who is the producer of FMC and what is the grape?
Ken Forrester
- chenin blanc (fucking magnificent chenin)
198
What do the Dutch terms dorp, kloof, and toren mean?
dorp - village
kloof - valley/canyon
toren - tower
199
In what district is Lismore Estate located?
Greyton Ward, Overberg District, Cape South Coast
200
What are the 8 wards of Swartland?
- Malmsebury
- Paardeberg
- Paardeberg South
- Piket Bo Berg
- Porseleinberg
- Riebeeksrivier
- St Helen Bay
201
When was Platter's South African Wine Guide first published?
1980
202
What is weissriesling in South Africa?
the name for riesling
203
What 3 producers are most associated with the Swartland Revolution?
- Eben Sadie
- Adi Badenhorst
- Chris and Andrea Mullineux (Mullineux Family Wines)
204
What was the driest recent vintage in South Africa?
2018
205
What was the wettest recent vintage in South Africa?
2023
206
Who has the largest holdings of riesling in South Africa?
Paul Kluver
- 12.9 ha
- Elgin
207
When did the KWV end quota and price regulation?
quota end - 1992
price regulation end - 1994
208
The Table Mountain is an influencing feature in what district?
Cape Town
209
What is the primary river in Lutzville Valley district?
Olifants River
210
What mountains serve as the borders for Hemel-en-Aarde?
- Babylonstoren Mountains to the north
- Kleinrivier Mountains to the south
211
What piece of information is required on an OVP seal for a South African wine label?
year the vineyard was planted (old vine project)
- min 35 years old
212
Who produces the bottling 'Paul Sauer' and what style of wine is it?
Kanonkop
- Bordeaux blend from Stellenbosch
213
What is the min percentage of pinotage required in a Cape Blend?
30-70%
- not a legally defined term
214
What are the 3 major bedrocks of South Africa?
- sandstone
- granite
- Malmesbury shale
215
What does CWG stand for on a South African wine label?
Cape Winemakers Guild
216
In what recent vintage did South Africa suffer from fires?
2016
217
Who produces Cuvee Clive and what is it?
Graham Beck
- trad. method sparkling
- 60 months on lees
- 95% chardonnay
218
When were the terms Cape Sherry and Cape Port disallowed?
2012
219
What district has the highest percentage of old vines?
Stellenbosch
- just surpassed Swartland
