Special Senses pt 3

Question 1

What is a descemetocele?

Answer 1

deep ulcer down to Descemet’s membrane

Question 2

Gorp has come back to the clinic again. This time, his eye is affected by this lesion. What is your primary differential?

Answer 2

Descemetocele

Question 3

What is an indolent ulcer? common species? what happens? treatment?

Answer 3

failure of normal ulcer healing with no underlying specific cause (often initiated by trauma)

dogs

newly formed epithelium fails to adhere to the underlying stroma

debridement

Question 4

What is a melting ulcer?

Answer 4

an ulcer where release of lytic enzymes leads to stromal malacia/necrosis

Question 5

Melting ulcers can be sterile, but they usually involve ____ or _____ infections. Name the two examples given in class. are they opportunistic pathogens or ocular pathogens?

Answer 5

bacterial, fungal

gram (-) bacteria
fungus common in horses (keratomycosis)

opportunistic

Question 6

Gorp is back. Again. This poor dog. This is his ocular lesion. What do you think it is? What is your primary differential for cause?

Answer 6

melting ulcer/suppurative keratomalacia

gram (-) bacteria

Question 7

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)? common species & breeds? Clinical or pathological?

Answer 7

desiccation of the cornea due to reduced quantity of tear film

dogs

clinical

Question 8

What is an ocular dermoid?

Answer 8

Developmental abnormality where ectopic hair follicles and adnexal glands occur on the cornea or bulbar conjunctiva

Question 9

Define these words:
1. Hamartoma
2. Choristoma

Which category does an ocular dermoid fall in?

Answer 9

1. aberrant proliferation of normal tissue in a normal location
2. aberrant proliferation of normal tissue in an abnormal location

ocular dermoids are choristomas

Question 10

Poor Gorp the cat. he is back again, this time with this ocular lesion. What is it?

Answer 10

Ocular dermoid

Question 11

What is the other name of pink eye in cattle?

Answer 11

infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Question 12

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis:
1. etiology?
2. can have recurrent _____.
3. time of year of outbreaks? why?
4. signalment?

Answer 12

1. gram (+) bacteria: Moraxella bovis
2. infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
3. summer. flies are important vectors
4. calves > adults

Question 13

What can infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis progress to?

Answer 13

phthisis bulbi (end-stage eye, scaring and atrophy)

Question 14

How do you tell between infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and hypopyon from sepsis?

Answer 14

presence of conjunctivitis

Question 15

A cow comes in to your practice with this lesion in July. What is your primary differential?

Answer 15

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Question 16

What is the etiology of herpesvirus keratitis?

Answer 16

feline herpesvirus 1

Question 17

what is the most common cause of keratitis in cats? typical signalment?

Answer 17

herpesvirus keratitis caused by feline herpes virus 1

kittens, shelter cats

Question 18

herpesvirus keratitis:
1. what does it target?
2. why is it hard to prove causality?

Answer 18

1. upper resp tract, conjunctiva, cornea
2. most cats exposed during life to feline herpesvirus 1 and FHV-1 DNA can be detected on the cornea of normal cats

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of herpesvirus keratitis in cats?

Answer 19

rhinotracheitis, conjunctivitis, +/- keratitis common in young cats

dendritic ulcers are pathognomonic !!!!

Question 20

What pathology is this picture of?

Answer 20

Herpesvirus keratitis

Question 21

Herpesvirus keratitis in cats is associated with ____ and _____

Answer 21

feline corneal sequestrum
feline eosinophilic keratitis

Question 22

What are the secondary bacterial infections that are associated with herpesvirus keratitis?

Answer 22

chlamydia felis
mycoplasma felis

Question 23

what viruses can cause conjunctivitis and resp signs in young cats? How do you differentiate the two based on clinical signs?

Answer 23

1. Feline calicivirus
2. feline herpesvirus 1

calicivirus is usually associated with oral ulcers, herpesvirus 1 isn’t

Question 24

Gorp the cat is back again! Bad luck for Gorps at your clinic. This is his lesion. He also has rhinotracheitis and conjunctivitis. What is your primary differential? What other thing could it be and how could you tell the difference?

Answer 24

herpesvirus keratitis
also be calicivirus
looks at mouth for oral ulcers (if yes, then calicivirus). also dendritic ulcers are pathognomic of herpesvirus keratitis

Question 25

Eosinophilic keratitis: 1. species? 2. gross features? 3. cytology reveals what?

Answer 25

1. cats > horses 2. cats - begins laterally as raised white to pink plaques on the cornea/conjunctiva 3. abundant eosinophils and some mast cells

Question 26

Gorp the cat is back AGAIN!!!!! This time he has this ocular lesion. What is your primary differential?

Answer 26

eosinophilic keratitis

Question 27

corneal sequestrum: 1. common species? 2. secondary to what? 3. gross lesion? 4. histo lesion? 5. common signalment?

Answer 27

1. cats > horses & dogs 2. chronic ulceration 3. central accumulation of orange to brown pigment in the superficial stroma 4. necrotic stroma 5. Persian, Himalayan, Siamese cats

Question 28

What is this lesion? Note the orange-brown pigment. Hint: this is a cat named Gorp

Answer 28

corneal sequestrum

Question 29

Chronic superficial keratitis of dogs: 1. AKA? 2. breeds? 3. 1 eye or 2 eyes? 4. _____-_____ disease targeting _____ ______ of the cornea 5. associated with what?

Answer 29

1. Pannus 2. German Shepherds and Sighthounds 3. 2 eyes 4. immune-mediated, altered antigen 5. higher altitudes and solar radiation

Question 30

Gross lesions of pannus?

Answer 30

begins as a redness and thickening of the lateral conjunctiva, progresses asa plaque axially across the cornea become pigmented

Question 31

Gorp the dog is back again. He has changed breeds to a German Shepherd, and his owner spends a lot of time with him running outside. What is this lesion?

Answer 31

Pannus AKA chronic superficial keratitis of dogs

Question 32

Limbal melanocytic neoplasia: 1. majority are ____ _____ 2. species?

Answer 32

1. benign melanocytoma 2. dogs > cats

Question 33

what are the 3 neoplasias of the cornea that we should know?

Answer 33

limbal melanocytic neoplasia corneal squamous cell carcinomas corneal hemangiosarcomas

Question 34

Gorp's eye is really not doing ok. He is back. This is his eye. What is your primary differential?

Answer 34

Limbal melanocytic neoplasia

Question 35

Persistent pupillary membranes: 1. congenital or acquired? 2. common or uncommon? 3. what species? 4. what is it 5. How worried should you be when you find it in necropsy?

Answer 35

1. congenital 2. common 3. dogs 4. persistence of fibrovascular structures that vascularized the lens during development 5. not very. usually incidental, unless they directly contact the lens or cornea

Question 36

Gorp the dog had a son (yay!). This is Gorp junior's eye (Gorp jr. is like 6 mo old). What do you think is going on?

Answer 36

Persistent pupillary membranes

Question 37

You find this lesion on necropsy. What is is?

Answer 37

Persistent pupillary membranes

Question 38

What is the name for inflammation of the uvea?

Answer 38

uveitis

Question 39

Uveal cysts: 1. common signalment? 2. What are they? 3. Where do they come from?

Answer 39

1. dogs > cats (but Bermese cats common) 2. Round translucent blackcysts attached to the iris or free-floating in the anterior chamber 3. arise from fluid accumulation within the iris or ciliary body

Question 40

Uveal cysts: 1. usually benign or malignant? 2. what is the exception? why?

Answer 40

1. benign 2. golden retrievers and Irish wolfhounds - precursor to glaucoma and pigmentary uveitis of Goldens

Question 41

Gorp is back. He practically lives at the clinic now. This is the lesion he is presenting with. What is it?

Answer 41

Uveal cyst