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MEDSCI142 > Spinal Chord > Flashcards

Spinal Chord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Maters (layers) on the spinal chord?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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2
Q

How many paired nerves are there?

A

31 Paired Nerves

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3
Q

What is the Filum Terminale Externum?

A

Bundle of Spinal cord coverings
Anchors spinal cord in the Coccyx

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4
Q

What is the Coccyx?

A

Tailbone
End of bone

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5
Q

Grey Matter

A

Cell bodies and neurons

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6
Q

What are the first 3 segments of nerves in the spine?

A

Cervical Nerves
Thoracic Nerves
Lumbar Nerves

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7
Q

What is the Cervical Enlargement?

A

Larger section of spine to accommodate arms

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8
Q

How many nerves for the ribs?

A

24 nerves for the 24 ribs

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9
Q

What is the Thoracolumbar Enlargement?

A

Larger section of spine to accommodate legs

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10
Q

Where is the termination of the Spinal Cord?

A

Cauda Equina (tail)

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11
Q

What is the Meissner’s Corpuscle Receptor for?

A

Touch

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12
Q

What is Pacinian Corpuscle Receptor for?

A

Pressure

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13
Q

Dorsal Ganglia

A

Group of Neurons

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14
Q

Funiculus

A

White Matter

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15
Q

Ventral Funiculus

A

Pain + Temperature

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16
Q

Lateral Funiculus (motor columns)

A

Carry info to spinal chord

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17
Q

Dorsal Funiculus

A

Gracile + Cuneate Funiculus
Carries discriminative sensation information

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18
Q

What sensory info does the Gracile Funiculus have?

A

Legs

19
Q

What sensory info does the Cuneate Funiculus have?

A

Arms

20
Q

Substantia Gelatinosa

A

Transport
Jelly-like

21
Q

Nucleus Proprius

A

Discriminative Sensory Information

22
Q

Monosynaptic/Myotatic

A

Reflex Arc

23
Q

Anterior White Commissure

A

Bundle of white matter
Left to Right

24
Q

Dessucation

A

Crossing Over

25
Q

What is the pathway of Discriminative Sensation?

A

Dorsal Column Pathway
Synapses at the Cuneate Nucleus and then Crosses Over to become Medial Lemniscal
Goes to synapse in Thalamus
Goes through Internal Capsule up to Primary Sensory Cortex

26
Q

What is the pathway of the Spinothalamic Tract (pain + temp)?

A

Synapse in the Substantia Gelatinosa
Decussate in anterior white commissure
Synapse in Thalamus
Go through internal capsule to primary sensory cortex

27
Q

What happens if you have damage in the medial lemniscus (upper touch + pressure)

A

Lose touch + pressure on opposite side

28
Q

What happens if you have damage in the Spinothalamic (upper pain + temp)

A

Lose Pain + temp on opposite side

29
Q

What happens if you have damage in the medial lemniscus (lower touch + pressure)

A

Loss of sensation on same side with touch and pressure

30
Q

Associative Sensory Loss

A

Both tracts are affected

31
Q

Dissociative Sensory Loss

A

Only one track is affected

32
Q

What does the Basal ganglia help with?

A

Helps control mood through movement
Slowly controlled refined movement

33
Q

What happens if there is damage to the upper motor neurons of the Corticospinal Tract?

A

Causes Spasticity
Too much control
Becomes stiff and rigid

34
Q

What happens if there is damage to the lower motor neurons of the Corticospinal Tract?

A

Flaccid Paralysis
No neural control in muscle

35
Q

Upper Motor Neurons (Corticospinal)

A

Movement Control

36
Q

Lower Motor Neurons (Corticospinal)

A

Reflexes

37
Q

In the Corticospinal, what are the neurons that stay on the same side for?

A

Control axial muscles

38
Q

What are the 5 parts of the Basal Ganglia?

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Subthalamic Nucleus
Substantia Nigra

39
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter
Fires up the neurons in the striatum

40
Q

What happens in the motor system?

A
  • Glutamate fires up the neurons in the striatum
  • Acts on Dopamine or GABA
  • Dopamine activates the inhibitory neurons
  • Inhibition happens on excitatory neurons which sends messages up to the cerebral cortex
41
Q

What happens in parkinson’s disease?

A

-Neurons not primed and ready to go
- Glutamate starts to build up which is very toxic
- Also means that no inhibition is happening on inhibitory neurons. Dopamine levels go down too
- Therefore the inhibitory neurons are firing more and more and acting on the excitatory neurons
-Brings excitation down (Hypo excitation)
- End up with stiffness + rigidity

42
Q

What does Cerebellum help with?

A

Stopping a movement

43
Q

Where is Dopamine housed?

A

Substantia Nigra

44
Q

Levodopa

A

Precursor to dopamine
Helps dopamine levels go up

MEDSCI142 (18 decks)

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